This volume covers recent advanced battery systems such as Metal-Ion, Hybrid and Metal-Air Batteries under three sections. It includes introduction fluoride, potassium, zinc, chloride, aluminium, and iron ion batteries. Special or hybrid batteries included with calcium, nuclear, thermal, and lithium-magnesium hybrid batteries are explained. It summarizes the recent progress and chemistry behind the popular metal air batteries including a systematic overview of the components, design, and integration of these new battery technologies.