『2026 도해 한국건축사 기출문제 및 해설』
chap.Ⅰ 기본 개념 1
【문화유산 분포도】····································· 3
【시대의 분류】······································· 4
【고대의 무덤방식】····································· 6
【삼국시대의 도성】····································· 7

chap.Ⅱ 한국건축사 기출문제 및 해설 9
1. 2014년도 기출문제 및 해설 ··························· 11
【5행 사상】······································· 17
【정자각(丁字閣)의 변천】 【조선왕릉의 배치】 【시대별 왕릉의 특징】··········· 21
【조선왕릉의 종류】 【조선 사대부의 묘제】························ 21
【통일신라 석탑의 변화】 【석탑의 구성 및 명칭】······················ 33
【조선후기 건축장인의 주체 변화】···························· 36
【단평방, 단창방】····································· 37
【고식(古式)의 정리】·································· 43
【단청】·········································· 45
【익공】·········································· 51
【개경 송도】 【고려의 도성】································ 53
【지역별 민가의 구조】 【제주 민가의 특징】························ 61
【가구식 기단의 결구, 시대적 변천】··························· 63
【헌함(난간마루)】 【쪽매의 종류】····························· 69
【소로】·········································· 75
【다포계 건축물에 적용된 기둥머리 결구】························· 76

2. 2015년도 기출문제 및 해설 ··························· 77
【치목기법】 【동바리 이음(기둥 이음)】··························· 88
【모임지붕】········································ 95
【무위사 극락전】···································· 105
【조선 5대 궁궐의 특징】································ 111
【향교와 서원의 배치변화】······························· 114
【향교의 배치 유형별 분류】······························ 115
【향교의 중층 누각】··································· 116
【부뚜막 아궁이】 【함실아궁이】 【아궁이후렁이】 【구들의 시공】·············· 121
【장식기와】 【잡상】 【건식소화법과 습식소화법】······················ 128
【주장첨차】······································ 129
【박공과 서까래의 결구】 【해인사 장경판전】······················ 133
【첨성대】······································· 139
【논산 명재고택(윤증고택)】······························ 142
【양동마을 손씨종가(송첨종택, 서백당), 화회마을 양진당】··············· 143
【판문의 종류】 【쪽매 이음】······························ 150
【옥사조(삼국사기)】·································· 151
【이음의 종류】····································· 154
【맞춤의 종류】····································· 158

3. 2016년도 기출문제 및 해설 ·························· 161
【토성의 축성기법】 【백제 사찰의 특징】························· 170
【와적기단의 종류】··································· 171
【개성 문묘(성균관) 배치도】······························· 178
【서울 문묘(성균관) 배치도】······························· 179
【홍살문의 구조】···································· 181
【세연지의 지안형태 그리고 ‘오입삼출(五入三出)’과 ‘고입저출(高入低出)】······· 194
【일제강점기의 근대건축】 【일제강점기의 근대건축, 교육기관, 건축잡지】········ 197
【조선총독부청사와 경성부청(舊서울시청)】························ 197
【벽돌쌓기】······································ 202
【벽돌 마름질(cutting)】································· 203
【장대석 기단】····································· 205
【고래의 행태상 분류】·································· 209
【살창의 분류】····································· 213
【포작(첨차수)】···································· 219
【석굴암(751)】···································· 223

4. 2017년도 기출문제 및 해설 ·························· 227
【불국사 배치도】 【불국사 석축의 종류 및 특징】 【불국사 범영루】············ 239
【서원의 구성요소】··································· 244
【18C말 ~ 19C전반기 조선 민가 건축】 【20C초(일제강점기) 조선 민가 건축】····· 255
【덕수궁】······································· 259
【하앙구조의 실례】 【완주 화암사 극락전(1605년)】··················· 263
【귀솟음】 【안쏠림】··································· 265
【용척의 도출방법】··································· 267
【집부사(집우새, 집우사)】 【팔작지붕과 맞배지붕의 구조】 【팔작지붕의 추녀 뒤뿌리 결구방식】273
【추녀곡】 【회첨】 【귀서까래의 종류】 【선자연의 작도】··················· 273
【선자연 나누기】···································· 274
【갈모산방】······································ 275
【봉정사 극락전】 【부석사 무량수전】··························· 285
【상투기둥】······································ 294

5. 2018년도 기출문제 및 해설 ·························· 295
【목재의 현대식 부분 보수/보강 방법】·························· 298
【부엽공법(나뭇가지깔기 공법)】···························· 311
【도산서당】······································ 329
【양택론(陽宅論)과 공(工)자 평면】··························· 337
【창덕궁 낙선재 일원(Nakseonjae Complex)】···················· 341
【판대공의 결구】 【고미반자】······························· 351
【중층구조의 분류】··································· 360
【반칸물림 중증구조의 상세도】····························· 362
【체감없는 적층형 중증구조】······························ 364
【법주사 팔상전】···································· 365
【한성(한양)】 【수원 화성】······························· 374
【수원 화성의 옹성】··································· 375
【주요 성곽의 특징】··································· 376
【남한산성의 여장】··································· 377
【한국의 근대 건축가와 근대 건축물】························· 381

6. 2019년도 기출문제 및 해설 ·························· 383
【용척의 도출사례】··································· 388
【시대별 읍성의 변화】·································· 400
【관왕묘】······································· 401
【조선후기 정자각의 지붕구조 변화】··························· 402
【세워쌓기공간벽】 【공간쌓기】····························· 415
【살대반자】 【목조트러스】································ 427
【건축장인 우두머리의 명칭 및 신분(위상)의 변화】··················· 433
【밀양 영남루 층층각】·································· 434
【경주 양동마을 향단】·································· 445
【두껍닫이(갑창)】··································· 449
【목탑 심초(석)의 변화】································· 455
【수원 화성 방화수류정(동북각루)】··························· 462
【맞배+팔작지붕 혼합구조】······························· 476
【경주 양동 독락당】··································· 478

7. 2020년도 기출문제 및 해설 ·························· 479
【시대별 건축 주관 관청】······························· 486
【창경궁 숭문당】(2020년도 한국건축실측 문제1 관련) ················· 492
【광한루】(2020년도 한국건축구조 문제2 관련) ···················· 514
【종묘 영녕전(永寧殿)】································ 520
【종묘 정전(正殿)】··································· 521
【봉수】(2020년도 한국건축구조 문제3 관련) ····················· 525
【기단석 적산】(2020년도 한국건축보수실무 문제2 관련) ················ 538
【명동성당 관련】(2020년도 한국건축구조 문제4 관련) ················· 551
【마루 귀틀 적산】(2020년도 한국건축보수실무 문제4 관련) ··············· 562
【운현궁 양관】(2020년도 한국건축보수실무 문제3 관련) ················ 570
8. 2021년도 기출문제 및 해설 ·························· 573
【멍에창방과 연두창방】································ 581
【1칸X1칸 팔작지붕】(2021년도 한국건축구조 문제1 관련) ·············· 582
【맞춤과 이음】(2021년도 한국건축구조 문제4 관련) ·················· 596
【꺾음집의 꺽음부】(2021년도 한국건축구조 문제1 관련) ················ 601
【문화재수리의 진정성(眞正性) 및 가역성(可逆性)】(2021년도 한국건축보수실무 문제2 관련) 620

9. 2022년도 기출문제 및 해설 ·························· 647

10. 2023년도 기출문제 및 해설 ·························· 699

11. 2024년도 기출문제 및 해설 ·························· 747

12. 2025년도 기출문제 및 해설 ·························· 795

『2026 도해 한국건축사 기본이론』
chap.Ⅰ 한국건축사 기본이론 1

제1강. 오리엔테이션 및 시대개요 ························· 3
01. 한국건축사 교과서 소개 ···························· 5
02. 오리엔테이션 ································· 6
03. 한국건축사 개요 및 시대 분류 ··························· 7
04. 문화유산 분포도 ································ 10

제2강. 도성건축의 개요 ····························· 11
01. 도성건축의 정의 ································ 13
02. 도성건축의 배경이론 ······························· 14
[5행] [2태극] [3태극] ···························· 16

제3강. 시대별 도성 건축 ······························ 17
01. 태동기의 도성 ································ 19
02. 고대사회의 도성: 고구려 ···························· 21
[임류각 지반(지정)] ······························ 24
02. 고대사회의 도성: 백제 ···························· 25
[부엽공법(敷葉工法)]: 나뭇가지깔기 공법 ······················ 27
02. 고대사회의 도성: 신라 ···························· 29
02. 고대사회의 도성: 발해 ···························· 30
03. 중세사회의 도성: 고려 ···························· 32

제4강. 고대사회의 궁궐건축 ····························· 37
01. 궁궐의 정의 및 조형 원리 ···························· 40
02. 고구려의 궁궐 ································ 41
03. 백제의 궁궐 ································ 41
04. 고신라~통일신라의 궁궐 ···························· 42
[시대별 건축 주관관청] ··························· 43
05. 발해의 궁궐 ································ 44

제5강. 중세사회의 궁궐건축 ····························· 45
01. 고려시대의 궁궐 ································ 48
[고려의 행정구역] [회경전 건물터] ························· 49
02. 조선시대의 궁궐 ································ 50
[경회루] ··································· 52
[근정전, 근정문] [강녕전](침전) ·························· 53
[사정전, 천추전, 만춘전](편전) ························· 54
【경복궁 자경전 십장생 굴뚝(景福宮 慈慶殿 十長生 : 1888년 건립, 보물 제810호)】······ 55
【편전의 구조】································· 63
【조선 5대 궁궐의 특징】····························· 64

제6~7강. 고대사회의 불교건축 ·························· 67
01. 고대삼국의 불교 수용 ····························· 70
02. 고구려의 불교 건축사 ····························· 71
[오성좌(五星座)][아스카지(飛鳥寺, 비조사)] ····················· 73
03. 백제의 불교 건축사 ····························· 74
[日本 사천왕사(四天王寺, 시텐노지)][日本 법륭사(호오류우지, 法隆寺)] [호류지(법륭사 法隆寺) 금당
및 5층탑] ································· 75
[와적기단] ································ 77
04. 고신라의 불교 건축사 ····························· 84
05. 통일신라 불교 건축사의 영향 ·························· 88
06. 통일신라(7~8C, 신라중대)의 불교 건축사 ···················· 89
【불국사 석축의 종류 및 특징】·························· 94
【불국사 범영루】································ 95
【석탑의 구성 및 명칭】····························· 100
[불국사 3층석탑] ····························· 101
[탑신의 통재화 경향] ····························· 101
07. 통일신라(9~10C, 신라하대)의 불교 건축사 ····················· 102
[8각원당형 부도] ······························· 105
[석종형 부도] ······························· 105
【통일신라 석탑의 변화】···························· 106
08. 발해의 불교 건축사 ······························ 108

제8강. 중세/근세 사회의 불교건축 ························· 109
01. 고려전기의 불교 건축사 ····························· 112
02. 고려후기의 불교 건축사 ····························· 118
03. 조선초기의 불교 건축사 ····························· 126
[조선의 시대구분] [사찰의 삼중문제도] [불전의 명칭] ················ 126
【무위사 극락(보)전】 1430 ·························· 128
04. 조선중기의 불교 건축사 ····························· 130
[감주/이주, 충량] ······························· 132
[사찰의 장식화 경향] ····························· 133
[중정형 가람] ······························· 133
【여수 흥국사 대웅전】 1624재건 ························ 134
05. 조선후기의 불교 건축사 ····························· 136
【대방(大房)】································· 136
【시대별 건축장인의 주체 변화】 【조선후기 건축장인의 주체 변화】··········· 138
【건축장인 우두머리의 명칭 및 신분(위상)의 변화】·················· 140
【장식기와】 【잡상】······························· 142

제9강. 관아/객사/문묘/향교 건축 ························ 143
01. 관아의 정의 ································· 145
【궐내각사와 궐외각사】···························· 146
02. 고대시대의 관아 건축 ······························ 147
03. 중세시대의 관아 건축 ······························ 148
[읍성의 구조] [18C후~ : 장시의 발달] ···················· 149
【감영과 동헌의 구조】··························· 151
04. 객사 건축 ································· 152
05. 문묘 건축 ································· 154
【개성 문묘(성균관) 배치도】 【서울 문묘(성균관) 배치도】················ 156
【서울 문묘】······························· 157
06. 향교 건축 ································· 160
[향교와 서원의 배치구조] ·························· 161
【향교의 배치 유형별 분류】··························· 164

제10강. 관방건축 ······························ 165
01. 관방(關防) 건축의 규모 및 분포 ························ 167
02. 관방 건축의 태동 ······························ 168
03. 고대시대의 관방 건축 ······························ 168
04. 중세시대의 관방 건축 ······························ 172
【한양도성 축성방식의 변천】(http://seoulcitywall.seoul.go.kr) ·········· 173
【한성(한양)】 【수원 화성】·························· 177
【수원 화성의 옹성】···························· 180
【주요 성곽의 특징】····························· 181
05. 산성의 입지조건 ································ 180
【근세 도시의 성장】····························· 181

제11강. 서원건축 ······························ 185
01. 서원의 유래 및 배경 ···························· 188
[백운동서원(소수서원)] [남계서원] ························ 189
02. 서원 건축의 원리 ······························ 190
03. 서원 건축의 사례 ······························ 192
【도산서당】································· 193
[옥산서원] [필암서원] ···························· 195
[도동서원 배치도 및 중정당] ··························· 196
【한국의 서원(유네스코 세계유산)】························· 198

제12강. 주거건축(태동기~고대) ·························· 199
01. 태동기의 주거 건축 ······························ 202
[부여 송국리] [울산(울주) 검단리] [경기 파주 교하리 유적] ·············· 205
[경기 여주 흔암리 유적] [평북 공귀리 유적] [함북 회령군 오동 유적] ··········· 205
【난방방식의 변천】······························ 206
【凸(철)자형, 呂(여)자형(철기)】························· 209
【고상식】 : 청동기 발생, 철기 확산, 【대벽(大壁)건물(벽주식)】············· 211
02... 고대건축기의 주거 건축 ····························· 214
[몽촌토성 쪽구들(부분온돌)] [부소산성 수혈주거지] ················ 214
[안학3호분(동수묘)] [쌍영총] [집안현 동대자 주택 유적] ·············· 215
【삼국사기 옥사조(屋舍條)】··························· 217

제13강... 주거건축(중세) ······························ 219
01... 고려시대 주거 건축 ······························ 222
[채분화와 칸분화] [욱실과 양청] [풍수지리설] [온돌] ················ 223
02... 조선시대 주거 건축 ······························ 224
【아산 맹씨행단】 【조선의 가사제한】······················· 225
[형국론] [양동 서백당] [하회마을 양진당] ····················· 229
【16~17C 정자건축】···························· 230
【보길도 윤선도 원림】···························· 232
【세연지의 지안형태 그리고 ‘오입삼출(五入三出)’과 ‘고입저출(高入低出)】·········· 234
【경주 양동마을】······························ 235
【경주 양동마을 향단】···························· 238
【봉화 닭실(유곡)마을】 【경북 성주 한개마을】···················· 240
【경북 영주 무섬마을】 【충남 아산 외암마을】··················· 241

제14강... 주거건축(중세) ······························ 243
01... 조선시대 주거 건축(~계속) ··························· 246
[거주지 4조건] [씨족마을의 배치] 【20C초(일제강점기) 조선 민가 건축】·········· 251
【씨족마을(동족마을, 동성마을, 집성촌, 문중마을)】·················· 253
【양택삼요(陽宅三要)】····························· 256
【지역별 민가의 구조】 【제주 민가】························ 257
【제주 민가의 특징】···························· 258
【조선 중.후기의 상류층 가옥】························· 262
【경주 양동 독락당】···························· 269
【창덕궁 낙선재 일원(Nakseonjae Complex)】·················· 276
【창덕궁 연경당】······························ 278

제15강... 능/원/묘,.. 사직,.. 정원 건축 ······················· 281
01... 능/원/묘 ··································· 284
【고대사회의 무덤】······························ 286
【고구려 고분 벽화】···························· 289
【신라의 무덤】······························ 290
【조선왕릉의 분포】······························ 293
【조선 왕릉과 대한제국 황제릉의 기본 구성】(「조선왕릉 리플릿」. 문화유산청 궁능유적본부) ·· 294
【정자각(丁字閣)의 변천】··························· 296
【침전(一字閣 or 日字閣)】 : 홍릉, 유릉 ······················ 297
【시대별 왕릉의 특징】···························· 298
【조선왕릉의 종류】····························· 300
【조선 사대부의 묘제】···························· 301
【종묘의 연혁(沿革)】······························ 303
【종묘 영녕전(永寧殿)】····························· 308
【종묘 정전(正殿)】······························ 309
【관왕묘】································ 310
【왕실사당】································· 312
【전주 조경단】······························· 315
02. 사직(社稷) ································ 316
03. 정원 건축 ································· 320
【식석, 석함(괴석대) vs. 소전대, 예감】····················· 321
【조선의 정원 주관 관청】 【차경(借景), 누정(樓亭) 그리고 누정의 경관처리기법】······· 323
【경주월지, 경주동궁】····························· 325
【연지와 중도】······························ 326

제16강. 고구려 고분 ······························· 327
01. 고구려 고분 사례 ······························ 329
02. 고구려 고분의 비교 분석 ··························· 342

제17강. 근대건축 ·································· 343
01. 개화기의 근대 건축(1876~1905) ······················· 347
[덕수궁(경운궁)내 건물] ··························· 360
【덕수궁】································ 362
【19세기말 이후 서양 건축양식의 국내유입과정에서 표출된 한계점】··········· 364
【벽돌(조적조)의 연혁 및 구조】·························· 367
【주미대한제국공사관(Old Korean Legation)】·················· 369
【19세기~20세기 초에 활동한 건축장인】······················ 370
【대한제국(고종)의 도시정비(도시개조론)】···················· 372
02. 한일강제병합(경술국치 1910) 전후의 근대 건축(1906~1925) ············ 374
【조선총독부청사와 경성부청(舊서울시청)】···················· 378
【1920년대 후반 이후 한식 철도역사와 서양식 철도역사】················ 379
03... 식민 지배하의 근대 건축(1923~1945) ···················· 382
【한국의 근대 건축가와 근대 건축물】························ 385
【일제강점기의 근대건축, 교육기관, 건축잡지】··················· 388
【일제강점기의 근대건축】·························· 389
【시대별 건축 주관관청】···························· 394

chap.Ⅱ 기타 395
제1강... 목조건물의 부재명칭 ·························· 397
01... 도리집의 부재 명칭 ······························ 400
02... 익공 가구의 부재 명칭 ···························· 404
03... 주심포 가구의 부재 명칭 ··························· 405
04... 다포 가구의 부재 명칭 ···························· 406

제2강... 목조건물의 특징 ······························ 407
01... 고려 시대 ································· 410
【봉정사극락전, 부석사무량수전, 수덕사대웅전의 비교】················ 417
02... 조선 초기 ································· 420
03... 조선 중기 ································· 432
04... 조선 후기 ································· 440
【도랑주】 【비대칭 구조】···························· 442
05... 중요사항 ··································· 445
06... 치목기법 ··································· 446

제3강... 단청 ····································· 449

제4강... 기타(1) ······························· 465
01... 척도(용척,.. scale) ····························· 467
02... 통일신라 탑 ································· 470
03... 고려 탑 ·································· 472
04... 첨성대 ···································· 474
05... 주심포계의 부재명칭 ····························· 476
06... 다포계의 부재명칭 ····························· 477
07... 익공계의 부재명칭 ····························· 478
08... 포의 조립 ································· 479
09... 깍기기법(치목기법) ······························· 480
10... 쌍창(겹창)의 구조 ····························· 482
11... 주두의 변천 ································· 482
12... 축성방법(토성) ································ 483
13... 외기(도리) ································ 483
14... 익공 ···································· 484
15. 낙양(낙양각, 초엽, 풍련, 파련각) ······················· 485
16. 귀틀마루(우물마루) ······························· 486

제5강. 기타(2) ······························· 489
01. 강회피기 ··································· 492
02. 목재연륜연대측정법 ······························ 493
03. 귀솟음 ···································· 494
04. 안쏠림 ···································· 495
05. 주장첨차 ··································· 496
06. 박공과 서까래의 결구 ······························ 496
07. 회첨 ···································· 497
08. 절병통(모임지붕) ······························· 498
09. 양성바름 ··································· 498
10. 초가지붕 ··································· 499
11. 너와지붕 ··································· 499
12. 목조계단 ··································· 500
13. 헌함(난간마루) ································ 500
14. 쪽매이음 ··································· 501
15. 계자난간 ··································· 503
16. 기둥의 종류 ································· 503
17. 평사량가 ··································· 504
18. 팔작지붕과 맞배지붕의 구조 ·························· 504
19. 집부사(집우새, 집우사) ··························· 505
20. 귀서까래의 구조 ································ 506
21. 선자연의 작도 ································· 506
22. 추녀곡 ···································· 508
23. 멍에창방과 연두창방 ····························· 509
24. 상투기둥 ··································· 510
25. 부뚜막 아궁이 ································· 511
26. 함실 아궁이 ································· 511
27. 아궁이 후렁이 ································· 511
28. 구들의 시공 ································· 512
29. 명동성당의 구조(2020년도 한국건축구조 문제4 관련) ················ 516

제6강. 기타(3) ······························· 517
01. 소로 ···································· 520
02. 모임지붕 ··································· 522
03. 해인사 장경판전 ································ 524
04. 홍살문의 구조 ································· 526
05. 포작(첨차수) ································ 527
06. 20C초(일제강점기) 조선 민가 건축 ······················ 528
07. 감주법(減柱法)과 이주법(移柱法) ······················· 530
08. 양택론(陽宅論)과 공(工)자 평면 ························· 532
09. 판대공의 결구 ································· 533
10. 고미반자 ··································· 534
11. 법주사 팔상전 ································· 535
12. 내진원주(內診圓柱), 외진방주(外陣方柱) ···················· 538
13. 비대칭 구조 ································· 542
14. 석교(石橋) ································ 544
15. 장곡사 상대웅전 ································ 546
16. 행공(첨차) ································ 548

제7강. 고식(古式)의 정리 ··························· 551
01. 창호의 구조 ······························· 552
02. 쌍창 ···································· 553
03. 살창과 창살가공 ································ 553
04. 꽃살창 ···································· 554
05. 초석 ···································· 555
06. 하(인)방의 높이, 고막이돌(고맥이석) ························ 556
07. 가구식 기단 ································· 556
08. 맞배지붕(뺄목길이, 풍판, 단평방) ······················· 556
09. 안초공(높이, 용두형) ···························· 557
10. 도리와 장여 ································· 558
11. 어미기둥(꿰방식(천두식)의 흔적) ························ 559
12. 주두(소로)의 변천 ····························· 560
13. 보의 단면과 입면 ······························ 561
14. 심초(석) 및 사리공의 위치 ··························· 562
15. 장대석 기단 ································· 563
16. 통일신라 석탑의 변화 ······························ 564
17. 감주·이주 및 충량의 사용 ·························· 565
18. 외기의 지지방법 ································ 566
19. 추녀 뒤뿌리 위치(결구방식) ·························· 568
20. 합각의 위치변화 ································ 569
21. 살미(山彌)의 변천 ····························· 570

chap.Ⅲ 익공구조 577
01. 익공구조의 시공 ································ 579
02. 부재의 결구 ································· 586