1. What is popular culture? 2. The ‘culture and civilization’ tradition 3. Culturalism into cultural studies 4. Marxisms 5. Psychoanalysis 6. Structuralism and post-structuralism 7. Class and class struggle 8. Gender and sexuality 9. ‘Race’, racism and representation 10. Postmodernism 11. The materiality of popular culture 12. The politics of the popular 13. Culture and nature Postscript: AI, Cultural Theory and Popular Culture