Foreword xxv
Preface xxvii

Part 1: Introduction and Applications of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Disease 1

1 Ultrasound in Pneumothorax Detection Rapid and Accurate Pulmonary Assessment 3
Kanaka Durga Devi Nelluri, Bhavana Alaparthi, Anil Kumar Kakani, Golla Indusree, Dasaraju Mohana Naga Rajeswari and Sahithi Kamepalli

1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Overview of Pneumothorax 5
1.3 Traditional Diagnostic Modalities for Pneumothorax 6
1.4 Emergence of Ultrasound in Pulmonary Assessment 9
1.5 Principles of LUS 12
1.6 Key Ultrasound Signs in Pneumothorax Detection 16
1.7 Techniques and Approaches in LUS 18
1.8 Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound in Pneumothorax Detection 22
1.9 Limitations and Challenges of LUS 26
1.10 Training Programs and Guidelines 31
1.11 Future Directions and Innovations in LUS 33
1.12 Clinical Applications and Case Scenarios of LUS 36
1.13 Conclusion 38

2 Enhancing Vaginal and Fetal Imaging: The Role of Ultrasound in Pregnancy Diagnosis 45
Madhavi Latha Routhu

2.1 Introduction 46
2.2 Sonographic Detection of Eccentric Endometrial Fluid Collection with Increased Serum β hCG Levels Indicates an IUP in 99.5% Cases 52
2.3 Imaging Features of Different Stages of Miscarriage 56
2.4 Intrauterine Ectopic Pregnancy 63
2.5 Molar Pregnancy 69
2.6 Conclusion 77

3 Improving Gynecological Diagnosis through Ultrasound-Based Uterine Disease Detection 85
Pooja Duhan, Geetanjali Dahiya, Arun Mittal and Chetan Vashisth

3.1 Introduction 86
3.2 Ultrasound 87
3.3 Technological Advances and Future Directions 96\
3.4 Emergence of AI and Automation in Ultrasound Imaging 98
3.5 Comparative Analysis with Other Diagnostic Tools 100
3.6 Conclusion 102

4 Bridging Gastrointestinal and Imaging Science through Ultrasound in Endoscopic Diagnosis 107
Tamanna Rai and Rishabha Malviya

4.1 Introduction 108
4.2 Ultrasound 109
4.3 Two-Method Ultrasound Used for Ultrasonography 110
4.4 US Image 112
4.5 Endoscopic Ultrasound 113
4.6 Principles and Classification of Endoscopic Ultrasound 113
4.7 Diagnostic EUS Equipment 115
4.8 Techniques for EUS Examinations 116
4.9 Clinical Applications of EUS-Guided Advanced Imaging 118
4.10 Conclusion 121

5 Advancing Heart Imaging with Color Doppler by Incorporating Ultrasound in Cardiac Disease Detection 131
Bhaskar Rao Bollineni, Lakshmi Lalitha. D., Sunjana Nelluri, Yamini Durga Talaparthi, Kanaka Durga Devi. N. and Bhagavan Jaladi

5.1 Introduction 132
5.2 Objectives 133
5.3 History of Imaging 133
5.4 Origin of Cardiac Imaging 134
5.5 AI in Echocardiography 140
5.6 Echocardiography in Cardiac Disease Detection 143
5.7 Color Doppler 144
5.8 Color Doppler Appearance: Seven Things to Take into Account 145
5.9 Working of Doppler Modalities 146xii Contents
5.10 Image Optimization 148
5.11 Artifacts 151
5.12 Another Imaging Method 154
5.13 AI-Guided Doppler 154
5.14 Color Doppler Ultrasound’s Cons 156
5.15 Conclusion 159

6 Role of Ultrasound in Gout Detection for Enhancing Joint and Inflammation Assessment 167
Abhishek Anand, Shivam Kumar, Arvind Kumar Patel and Ayush Katyayan

6.1 Introduction 168
6.2 Pathophysiology 169
6.3 Diagnosis Approaches for the Detection of Gout and Inflammation 174
6.4 Advantage of Using US for Assessment of Gout and Inflammation 178
6.5 Challenges in US-Based Assessment of Gout and Inflammation 181
6.6 Techniques or Steps for the Proper Gout and Inflammation Detection Using the US 182
6.7 Clinical Application of US in Gout Assessment: Case Insights 184
6.8 Limitations of Using US for Assessment of Gout and Inflammation 188
6.9 Challenges on Application of US for Gout and Inflammation Assessment 193
6.10 Future Perspectives of US for Enhancing Joint and Inflammation Assessment 195
6.11 Conclusion 197
6.12 Future Prospective 198

7 Ultrasound-Guided Diagnosis of Severe Cardiac Conditions Requiring Medical or Surgical Treatment 207
Susana González-Suárez

7.1 Introduction 208
7.2 Cardiovascular Ultrasound in Acute Aortic Syndrome 208
7.3 Cardiac Ultrasound in Infective Endocarditis 217
7.4 Cardiac Ultrasound in Myocardial Infarction 222
7.5 Cardiac Ultrasound in Severe Hypovolemia 239
7.6 Cardiac Ultrasound in Pulmonary Embolism 244
7.7 Cardiac Ultrasound in Cardiac Tamponade 248
7.8 Cardiac Ultrasound in Other Causes of Ventricular Filling Obstruction 253
7.9 Conclusion 256

Part 2: Applications of Ultrasound in the Treatment of Disease 267

8 Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment with Ultrasound for Enhancing Joint and Pain Management 269
Kamica Yadav, Vandana Tyagi, Ankita Sharma and Nitin Chauhan

8.1 Introduction 270
8.2 Pathophysiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis 270
8.3 Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis 273
8.4 Pain 277
8.5 Theories of Pain 278
8.6 Effective Joint Pain Management 280
8.7 Barriers to Effective Pain Management 281
8.8 Ultrasound Therapy 284
8.9 Benefits of Ultrasound Therapy in RA Pain Management in Various Aspects 290
8.10 Conclusion 295

9 Ultrasound in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke Supporting Vascular and Clot Management 305
Veenakirthika S., Ashrin T., Madhumathi K., Sudhakar S. and Balakrishnan Rajan

9.1 Introduction to Ischemic Stroke 306
9.2 Obstacles in Managing Ischemic Stroke 310
9.3 Ultrasound Neuromodulation 311
9.4 Role of TCD in Emboli Monitoring 315
9.5 Ongoing Research and Potential Roads of Discovery 322xviii Contents
9.6 Upcoming Developments in Ultrasound Stroke Treatment 324
9.7 New Developments in Ultrasound Stroke Treatment 328
9.8 Conclusion 330

10 The Role of Ultrasound in Cancer Treatment: "A Guide to Personalized Treatment and Tumour Ablation" 339
Anjali Rana, Shivam Rajput, Rishabha Malviya and Ajesh Chauhan

10.1 Introduction 340
10.2 Mechanisms of Ultrasound Techniques in Cancer Treatment 342
10.3 Use of Ultrasonography in the Treatment of Cancer 350
10.4 The Future of Ultrasounds in Cancer Therapy 351
10.5 Conclusion 352

11 Ultrasound-Guided Treatment for Heart Problems Advancing Cardiovascular Care 359
Jatin Vats, Ajesh Chauhan, Shivam Rajput and Rishabha Malviya

11.1 Introduction 360
11.2 Focused Cardiac Ultrasound 363
11.3 Ultrasound-Based Therapies: Mechanism of Action CVDs 366
11.4 Clinical Applications of Ultrasound-Based Therapy in CVDs 369
11.5 Conclusion 376

12 Ultrasound in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases Revolutionizing Brain and Nerve Care 387
Himanshu Sharma, Praveen Halagali, Raagul Seenivasan, Vamshi Krishna Tippavajhala and Rashmi Pathak

12.1 Introduction 388
12.2 How to Elucidate Ultrasound-Mediated Neuromodulation Processes for Clinical Use 392
12.3 Ultrasound in Neurological Treatment 394
12.4 Clinical Applications 397
12.5 Ultrasound and the Blood-Brain Barrier 401
12.6 Challenges and Ethical Considerations 402
12.7 Clinical Trials on Ultrasound in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases 407
12.8 Future Prospects 407
12.9 Conclusion 410

13 Ultrasound in the Management of Neurological Disorders: Transforming Approaches to Brain and Nerve Health 419
Abraham Olufemi Asuku and Ayobami Grace Fajemidagba

13.1 Introduction 420
13.2 Fundamentals of Ultrasound Technology 420
13.3 Types of Ultrasound Used in Neurology 422
13.4 Advantages of Ultrasound over Traditional Imaging and Treatment Modalities 424
13.5 Applications of Ultrasound in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases 425
13.6 Challenges and Limitations 431
13.7 Conclusion 431
13.8 Future Perspective 432

14 The Role of Ultrasound in Improving the Accuracy of Carpal Tunnel Therapy 435
Geetanjali Dahiya, Pooja Duhan and Arun Mittal

14.1 Introduction 436
14.2 Epidemiology and Pervasiveness of CTS 437
14.3 Anatomy of the Carpal Tunnel 438
14.4 Etiology and Pathophysiology of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 441
14.5 General Tools Used in CTS Diagnosis 443
14.6 Role of Ultrasound in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Diagnosis 446
14.7 Ultrasound Benefits Over Other Diagnostic Techniques in CTS Diagnosis and Management 448
14.8 Recent Advancements in Ultrasound Technology Helpful for CTS Detection 450
14.9 Challenges and Future Perspectives for Ultrasound as CTS Marker 451
14.10 Conclusion 452

15 Using Ultrasound to Treat Bone Metastasis and Facilitate Targeted Oncology Treatments 459
Atifa Khan, Syed Salman Ali, Abdullah Khan, Bhoomika Chaudhary and Lubna Azmi

15.1 Introduction 460
15.2 Overview of Bone Metastasis in Oncology 460
15.3 Conventional Treatments for Bone Metastases 466
15.4 Therapeutic Ultrasound: Principles and Mechanisms 471
15.5 Ultrasound in Oncology: Current Applications 476
15.6 Focused Ultrasound Therapy for Bone Metastases 480
15.7 Synergy with Targeted Drug Delivery 483
15.8 Case Studies 486
15.9 Clinical Trials and Emerging Research 488
15.10 Challenges and Future Directions 492
15.11 Conclusion 493

References 494
Index 503