Preface xiii
Yves CHARBIT

Presentation of Authors xv

Introduction xxi
Yves CHARBIT

Part 1. Fragile Populations 1

Chapter 1. Disability, Forced Migration and Human Rights of Disabled Refugees 3
Lucy FISKE

1.1. Introduction 3
1.2. Approaches to disability: from medicalization to rights 5
1.3. Human rights: an institutional and political project 7
1.4. Invisibility of refugees with disabilities 10
1.5. Disability and refugee displacement 11
1.6. Effects of the ICPRD on refugees with disabilities 16
1.7. Conclusion 20
1.8. References 21

Chapter 2. Protection of the Human Rights of Refugee Women and Girls 27
Susan F. MARTIN

2.1. Introduction 27
2.2. Background. 28
2.3. Progress in implementing policies, commitments and guidelines 31
2.4. Conclusion 42
2.5. References 44

Chapter 3. Depriving the Liberty of Migrant Children: The French Law of January 26, 2024 47
Florian AUMOND

3.1. Introduction 47
3.2. A movement toward universal protection standards: the principle of prohibition of administrative detention of children 50
3.3. Relative alignment: a partial and deferred prohibition 56
3.4. Conclusion: partial alignment with international human rights law 61
3.5. References 62

Chapter 4. Depriving the Voices: Transnational Repression of Burmese Refugee Diaspora in Japan 65
Yasuhiro HITOMI

4.1. Introduction: an authoritarian state governing the diaspora 65Contents vii
4.2. Burmese refugee diaspora in Japan 67
4.3. Data and research method 70
4.4. Transnational authoritarian repression of Burmese refugee diasporas in Japan 71
4.5. Discussion and conclusion: human rights for refugees after refugee protection 79
4.6. References 82

Chapter 5. Europe and the Specific Fragility of Unaccompanied Minors in Spain 85
Rut BERMEJO-CASADO and Sara CARRASCO-GRANGER

5.1. Introduction 85
5.2. Conceptualizing vulnerability for unaccompanied foreign minors 87
5.3. Methodology 89
5.4. Vulnerabilities in origin, transit and immigration country 90
5.5. Institutional and structural maintenance of vulnerabilities: the Spanish case of unaccompanied minors in the Canary Islands 96
5.6. Conclusion 101
5.7. References 102

Part 2. Vulnerability Induced by Institutional Violence 105

Chapter 6. EU Pact on Migration and Asylum: "Sorting" at the Borders that Violates Fundamental Rights 107
Claire RODIER

6.1. Introduction 107
6.2. The migrant before being an asylum seeker 108viii Immigration Policies Against Human Rights 2
6.3. Sorting at frontiers: the fiction of "non-entry" into European territory 110
6.4. Asylum at the border: a degraded procedure 114
6.5. Hotspots: a worrying model 116
6.6. The generalization of detention at borders 117
6.7. Denial of minors' rights 120
6.8. Sorting at the border, an unmanageable procedure 121
6.9. Pushing migrants ever further away 123
6.10. Renunciations 124
6.11. References 125

Chapter 7. Rohingya Refugees in India: The State and the Court 129
Ravi NAIR

7.1. Introduction 129
7.2. Legal lacunae in the Supreme Court order. 130
7.3. The obligation of non-refoulement 135
7.4. The refoulement of the Rohingya in practice 138
7.5. Conclusion: right to an investigation and effective remedy. 148
7.6. References 148Contents ix

Chapter 8. Free Choice but Varying Reception: Ukrainian Refugees in the EU and Beyond 151
Dietrich THRÄNHARDT

8.1. Introduction. Free choice in Europe: a decision taken under the pressure of war 151
8.2. Citizen action and reception 152
8.3. Work and recognition of qualifications in Eastern EU countries 153
8.4. Skill degradation and dependence on social assistance in western EU countries 155
8.5. The different forms of social assistance in Europe 156
8.6. Where did Ukrainian refugees go? And why? 158
8.7. What lessons can we learn from this? 161
8.8. References 162

Chapter 9. The End of the International Refugee Regime: A Critical Analysis of Refugee Repatriation and the "Compliance Deficit" in Kenya 167
Akiko SUGIKI

9.1. Introduction 167
9.2. Conceptual framework 169
9.3. The principle of non-refoulement and the repatriation of refugees 174
9.4. Overview: refugee policies in Kenya 177
9.5. Kenya's failure to respect the principle of non-refoulement and its implications for the international refugee regime 182
9.6. Conclusion 185
9.7. References 186x Immigration Policies Against Human Rights 2

Chapter 10. Practices Derogating from the Rights of Foreigners in Mayotte 191
Franck TEMPORAL

10.1. Introduction 191
10.2. Historical and legal context 192
10.3. An alarming demographic, social and economic situation 194
10.4. Derogations from the rights of foreigners in Mayotte 197
10.5. Conclusion 201
10.6. References 201

Part 3. Vulnerability Induced by Private Violence 205

Chapter 11. "No Others" Punitive Violence and Extrajudicial Punishment of Migrants in Argentina 207
Sebastian VIQUEIRA

11.1. Introduction 207
11.2. The context of the punitive turn in Latin America 208
11.3. Extrajudicial punishment and vigilantism 210
11.4. Lynching in Argentina and Chile 214
11.5. Final reflections 217
11.6. References 218

Chapter 12. Moroccan "Strawberry Pickers" in Spain: Modern-Day Slaves? 221
Chadia ARAB

12.1. Introduction 221
12.2. A history of migration: women and strawberries 223
12.3. Violence and rights at work 228
12.4. Are the strawberry women modern-day slaves? An analysis of the rhetoric of slavery 235
12.5. Conclusion 242
12.6. References 243

Chapter 13. The Intense Exploitation of Indian Workers in Italian Agriculture 245
Marco OMIZZOLO

13.1. Introduction 245
13.2. Labor exploitation 246
13.3. Methodology 250
13.4. Migration flows and labor exploitation 252
13.5. Conclusion 266
13.6. References 267

List of Authors 271
Index 273