Table of Cases xii
Table of Statutes xxvi
Table of International Instruments xxxi
1. Introduction 1
Part I
2. Christian Perspectives 23
I Introduction 23
II The Longstanding Position: Religious Intolerance 27
III The Bases of Religious Freedom 34
IV Conclusion 50
3. Liberal Perspectives 51
I Introduction 51
II Liberalism: Some Salient Features 51
III Liberal Justifications for Religious Liberty 69
IV Conclusion 83
Part II
4. Models of Religion-State Relations 87
I Introduction 87
II Major Types 90
III Conclusion 122
5. Legal Protection of Religious Freedom 125
I Introduction 125
II The Nature of 'Religious Freedom' 126
III Forms of Legal Recognition 129
IV The Religious versus the Secular: The Problem of Defining 'Religion' 139
V Conclusion 155
6. Limits to Religious Freedom 157
I Introduction 157
II Limiting Strategies 163
III Clashing Rights 181
IV Horizontal Rights 185
V Conclusion 192
Part III
7. Families, Parents and Children 201
I Introduction 201
II Legal Framework 201
III Contrasting Understandings of the Family and Childrearing 207
IV Selected Controversies 213
V Conclusion 240
8. Education 243
I Introduction 243
II Contrasting Understandings of the Purpose of Education 243
III The State, Schools, and Religion 250
IV Religious Exercises 255
V Religious Education 266
VI The 'Secular' Curriculum and the Religious Conscience 282
VII Displays of Religious Symbols in Schools 288
VIII Conclusion 296
9. Medical Treatment 298
I Introduction 298
II The Law regarding Medical Treatment and Religious Patients 299
III World View Tensions 318
IV Illustrations 327
V Conclusion 337
10. Employment 338
I Introduction 338
II The Employment Status of Ministers of Religion 339
III The Liberty of the Religious Person in Secular Employment 345
IV Religious Liberty in a Religious Ethos Work Environment 358
V Conclusion 373
11. Religious Group Autonomy 375
I Introduction 375
II Legal Recognition of Religious Group Autonomy 378
III Contrasting Understandings 389
IV Illustrations 395
V Conclusion 425
12. Religious Expression 427
I Introduction 427
II Protections for Religious Speech 430
III Anti-Religious Speech 433
IV Limitations on Religious Expression 443
V Conclusion 470
Select Bibliography 473
Index 489