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Preface / 4
Chapter 1 Introduction / 12 1. What is Second Language Acquisition(SLA)? / 12 2. Learning Contexts / 13 3. Three Key Terms You Should Know / 15 Chapter 2 Early Theory of SLA and Teaching Approach 1 / 20 1. Behaviorism / 21 2. Contrastive Analysis / 24 3. Behaviorism, Contrastive Analysis, and Language Teaching / 26 4. Chapter Summary / 33 Chapter 3 Early Theory of SLA and Teaching Approach 2 / 38 1. Universal Grammar / 39 2. Krashen’s Monitor Model / 44 3. Natural Approach / 54 4. Chapter Summary / 58 Chapter 4 Cognitive Approach to Instructed SLA / 62 1. The Nature and Type of Second Language Knowledge / 63 2. Information Processing Theory / 67 3. Skill Acquisition Theory / 71 4. Perspectives on Learner Language / 71 5. Second Language Learning Theory within Cognitive Viewpoints / 75 6. Teaching Approaches / 82 7. Chapter Summary / 95 Chapter 5 Approaches to Second Language Instruction / 100 1. Focus on Forms vs. Focus on Meaning / 100 2. Focus on Form / 105 3. Chapter Summary / 106 Chapter 6 Focus on Form / 110 1. Theoretical Underpinnings and Characteristics of Focus on Form / 110 2. Pedagogical Application: Types of Focus on Form / 112 3. Chapter Summary / 137 Chapter 7 Sociocultural Approach and Instructed SLA / 142 1. Key Concepts of Sociocultural Theory / 144 2. Cooperative Language Learning / 148 3. Chapter Summary / 155 Chapter 8 Individual Differences and Instructed SLA / 158 1. Motivation / 160 2. Personality / 166 3. Languag Learning Aptitude / 168 4. Learnning Styles / 171 5. Learning Strategies / 180 6. Age / 193 References / 202 |