PART I
1 Introduction 3

2 Chemical Reactor Analysis 20
2.1 The Batch Reactor 21
2.2 Reaction Rate and Determination by Experiment 26
2.3 Tank-Type Reactors 33
2.4 Tubular Reactors 42
2.5 Reactor Energy Balance 47

3 Heat Exchanger Analysis 55
3.1 Batch Heat Exchangers 56
3.2 Rate of Heat Transfer and Determination by Experiment 60
3.3 Tank-Type Heat Exchangers 67
3.4 Tubular Heat Exchangers 79
3.5 Technically Feasible Heat Exchanger Design 94

4 Mass Contactor Analysis 114
4.1 Batch Mass Contactors 118
4.2 Rate of Mass Transfer and Determination by Experiment 125
4.3 Tank-Type Two-Phase Mass Contactors 134
4.4 Tubular Two-Phase Mass Contactors 156
4.5 Continuous-Flow Mass Contactor Design Summary 168

PART II
5 Conduction and Diffusion 187
5.1 Rate of Thermal Conduction 187
5.2 Rate of Molecular Diffusion 201
5.3 Geometric Effects on Steady Heat Conduction and Diffusion in Solids and Quiescent Fluids 209
5.4 Conduction and Diffusion Through Composite Layered Materials in Series 212
5.5 Molecular Conduction and Diffusion with Generation 222
5.6 Diffusion-Induced Convection: The Arnold Cell 225
5.7 Basics of Membrane Diffusion: The Sorption?Diffusion Model 230
5.8 Transient Conduction and Diffusion 231

6 Convective Heat and Mass Transfer 246
6.1 The Differential Transport Equations for Fluids with Constant Physical Properties in a Laminar Boundary Layer 247
6.2 Boundary-Layer Analysis and Transport Analogies 254
6.3 Transport Correlations for Specific Geometries 264
6.4 Models for Estimating Transport Coefficients in Fluid?Fluid Systems 273
6.5 Summary of Convective Transport Coefficient Estimations 281

7 Estimation of the Mass Transfer Coefficient and Interfacial Area in Fluid?Fluid Mass Contactors 301
7.1 Estimation of Bubble and Drop Size 304
7.2 Tank-Type Mass Contactors 307
7.3 Tubular Contactors 316

8 Technically Feasible Design Case Studies 327
8.1 Technically Feasible Design of a Heat Exchanger 328
8.2 Technically Feasible Design of a Countercurrent Mass Contactor 335
8.3 Analysis of a Pilot-Scale Bioreactor 345