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Preface vii
Introduction 1 Part 1 Elements 5 What is Mathematics? 7 The Three Mathematical Ways of Economy 10 The Secret of Mathematical Beauty 14 Layer upon Layer 18 Whole Numbers 26 Meaning and Calculation 30 The Decimal System 35 What is Learned? 41 Part 2 The Road to Abstraction - Principles of Teaching 47 Conveying Abstractions 49 Diversity and Fixation 51 Why Teaching is Difficult 53 Mediation 55 Magic Words 59 The Calculator and Other Aids 63 The Courage for Simplicity 67 Part 3 Arithmetic from First to Sixth Grades 69 A Meaning 71 The Meaning of Addition 72 The Meaning of Subtraction 76 The Essence of Multiplication 79 The Two Meanings of Division 88 Meaning and Word Problems 97 B Calculation 99 The Calculation of Addition 100 Subtraction: Loan or Reorganize? 106 The Calculation of Multiplication 110 Vertical Multiplication 113 Memorize or Calculate Anew? 117 Calculation of Division Begins on the Left 119 C Fractions 127 Division and Fractions 128 Fractions Turn Division into Multiplication 136 A Conversation on Division by Fractions 144 Solved Exercises on Fractions 147 The Common Denominator 149 The Least Common Denominator 154 Mixed Numbers 157 D Decimals 161 Decimal Fractions 162 Calculation in Decimal Fractions 168 Percentages - a Universal Language for Fractions 176 E Ratios 181 Proportionality 182 More Ratio Problems 188 Afterword 193 Appendix: Turning Points in the History of Modern Mathematical Education 195 |
Ron Aharoni
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