Introduction: The Question of World Order 1
Varieties of World Order 2
Legitimacy and Power 9
Chapter 1 Europe: The Pluralistic International Order 11
The Uniqueness of the European Order 11
The Thirty Years' War: What Is Legitimacy? 20
The Peace of Westphalia 23
The Operation of the Westphalian System 31
The French Revolution and Its Aftermath 41
Chapter 2 The European Balance-of-Power System and Its End 49
The Russian Enigma 49
The Congress of Vienna 59
The Premises of International Order 68
Metternich and Bismarck 73
The Dilemmas of the Balance of Power 76
Legitimacy and Power Between the World Wars 82
The Postwar European Order 86
The Future of Europe 91
Chapter 3 Islamism and the Middle East: A World in Disorder 96
The Islamic World Order 97
The Ottoman Empire: The Sick Man of Europe 109
The Westphalian System and the Islamic World 111
Islamism: The Revolutionary Tide-Two Philosophical Interpretations 118
The Arab Spring and the Syrian Cataclysm 122
The Palestinian Issue and International Order 129
Saudi Arabia 134
The Decline of the State? 142
Chapter 4 The United States and Iran: Approaches to Order 146
The Tradition of Iranian Statecraft 149
The Khomeini Revolution 152
Nuclear Proliferation and Iran 159
Vision and Reality 169
Chapter 5 The Multiplicity of Asia 172
Asia and Europe: Different Concepts of Balance of Power 172
Japan 180
India 192
What Is an Asian Regional Order? 208
Chapter 6 Toward an Asian Order: Confrontation or Partnership? 212
Asia's International Order and China 213
China and World Order 221
A Longer Perspective 228
Chapter 7 "Acting tor Ail Mankind": The United States audits Concept of Order 234
America on the World Stage 239
Theodore Roosevelt: America as a World Power 247
Woodrow Wilson: America as the World's Conscience 256
Franklin Roosevelt and the New World Order 269
Chapter 8 The United Slates: Ambivalent Superpower 276
The Beginning of the Cold War 280
Strategies of a Cold War Order 283
The Korean War 288
Vietnam and the Breakdown of the National Consensus 295
Richard Nixon and International Order 302
The Beginning of Renewal 308
Ronald Reagan and the End of the Cold War 310
The Afghanistan and Iraq War 317
The Purpose and the Possible 327
Chapter 9 technology, Equilibrium and Human Consciousness 330
World Order in the Nuclear Age 331
The Challenge of Nuclear Proliferation 336
Cyber Technology and World Order 341
The Human Factor 348
Foreign Policy in the Digital Era 354
Conclusion: World Order in Our Time? 361
The Evolution of International Order 365
Where Do We Go from Here? 371
Acknowledgments 375
Notes 379
Index 405