제1편 배관 재료

제1장　배관의 종류 및 재질
1. 배관의 종류 및 재질 ································· 12
1-1 강관 ····················································· 12
1-2 주철관 ·················································· 25
1-3 비철금속관 ··········································· 32
1-4 비금속관 ·············································· 40
1-5 합성수지관 ··········································· 44

제2장　배관 이음과 신축 이음
1. 강관 이음재(부속, fitting) ························ 47
1-1 나사식 이음재 ······································ 47
1-2 용접식 이음재 ······································ 50
1-3 플랜지 이음재 ······································ 51
2. 기타 관이음재 ············································· 52
2-1 동관 이음재 ········································· 52
2-2 각종 배관 이음재의 치수 및 형태 ······ 54
2-3 염화비닐관 이음재 ······························· 55
2-4 배수용 주철 이음재 ····························· 56
2-5 석면 시멘트관 이음재 ························· 58
3. 신축 이음재 ················································ 59
3-1 슬리브형 신축이음 ······························· 59
3-2 벨로즈형 신축이음 ······························· 61
3-3 루프형 신축이음 ·································· 62
3-4 스위블 신축이음 ·································· 62
3-5 볼 조인트 ············································· 63

제3장　밸브 및 배관 부속
1. 밸브 ······························································ 64
1-1 슬루스 밸브(게이트 밸브) ··················· 64
1-2 글로브 밸브(스톱 밸브) ······················· 66
1-3 콕 ························································· 67
1-4 체크 밸브 ············································· 68
1-5 컨트롤 밸브 ········································· 70
1-6 냉매 배관용 밸브 ································ 74
2. 배관 부속 ···················································· 77
2-1 수전 ····················································· 77
2-2 스트레이너 ··········································· 81
2-3 트랩 ····················································· 82
2-4 관 지지장치 ········································· 86
2-5 패킹 ····················································· 91
2-6 보온재 ·················································· 95
2-7 도료(페인트) ······································ 100
2-8 기름 ··················································· 102
2-9 덕트 ··················································· 102
2-10 철판재 덕트의 부속품 ····················· 105


제2편 배관 공작

제1장　배관 작업
1. 강관 이음 ·················································· 110
1-1 관 절단기 ··········································· 110
1-2 이음 ··················································· 110
1-3 가스 용융 절단 ·································· 112
2. 주철관의 접합 ··········································· 119
2-1 절단 ··················································· 120
2-2 이음 ··················································· 120
3. 동관의 이음 ·············································· 123
3-1 절단 ··················································· 123
3-2 이음 방법 ··········································· 123
4. 연관(납관 ; 鉛管) 이음 ····························· 126
4-1 절단 ··················································· 126
4-2 이음 방법 ··········································· 126
5. 염화비닐관 이음 ······································· 130
5-1 절단 ··················································· 131
5-2 이음 ··················································· 131
6. 폴리에틸렌관의 이음(PE pipe joint) : X－L pipe ················································· 136
6-1 절단 ··················································· 136
6-2 이음 방법 ··········································· 136
7. 석면 시멘트관 이음 ································· 139
7-1 관 절단 ·············································· 139
7-2 이음 방법 ··········································· 139
8. 콘크리트관의 이음 ··································· 140
9. 도관의 이음 ·············································· 141
10. 이종관의 접속 방법 ······························· 141

제2장　판금 가공
1. 판금 가공과 그 종류 ······························· 145
1-1 판금 가공의 특징 ······························ 145
1-2 판금 가공의 종류 ······························ 145
2. 각종 판금 가공 ········································· 146
2-1 전단 작업 ··········································· 146
2-2 굽힘 작업 ··········································· 147
2-3 드로잉 ················································ 149
2-4 변형 교정법 ······································· 150
2-5 압축 가공 ··········································· 151
2-6 그 밖의 가공 ····································· 152

제3장　용접 작업
1. 금속 접합법 ·············································· 153
1-1 금속 접합법의 종류 ··························· 153
1-2 용접의 장·단점 ································ 154
1-3 용접의 이음 형식 ······························ 155
2. 가스 용접과 절단 ····································· 157
2-1 가스 용접과 용접 기구 ····················· 157
2-2 가스 절단 ··········································· 162
3. 아크 용접 ·················································· 163
3-1 아크 용접법의 기초 ··························· 163
3-2 용접 조건 ··········································· 165
3-3 용접 작업 ··········································· 168
3-4 아크 용접봉 ······································· 172
3-5 아크의 특성 ······································· 175
3-6 아크 용접용 용구 ······························ 176
3-7 특수 아크 용접법 ······························ 176
4. 전기 저항 용접과 납땜법 ························ 178
4-1 전기 저항 용접법 ······························ 178
4-2 납땜법 ················································ 179


제3편 배관 시공법

제1장　배관 시공상의 일반적인 사항
1. 시공 준비 ··················································· 184
2. 배관의 구배 ················································ 185
3. 배관의 변형 ················································ 187
4. 옥내 배관의 지지 및 고정 ························· 188
5. 옥외 매설 배관의 터파기 및 되메우기 ····· 189
6. 옥내 배관의 간격 ······································· 191
7. 옥외 매설 배관의 지지 및 고정 ················ 192

제2장　급수 ? 급탕 및 오배수
1. 급수 배관 시공법 ····································· 193
1-1 급수 펌프 시공 ·································· 193
1-2 급수 배관 시공 ·································· 194
1-3 밸브 설치 ··········································· 195
2. 오배수 배관 및 통기관 시공법 ·············· 197
2-1 배수 배관 시공법 ······························ 197
2-2 통기관 ················································ 198
3. 위생기구 시공법 ······································· 199
3-1 세면기 설치 ······································· 200
3-2 대변기의 설치 ···································· 203
3-3 소변기의 설치 ···································· 208
3-4 욕조의 설치 ······································· 211
3-5 기타 위생기 설치 ······························ 212
4. 급탕 배관 시공법 ····································· 214
4-1 일반 사항 ··········································· 214
4-2 환탕의 역류 방지 ······························ 214
4-3 팽창 탱크와 팽창관 ··························· 215
4-4 공기빼기 밸브와 배수 밸브 ·············· 215

제3장　난방 배관 시공법
1. 온수 난방 배관 시공법 ···························· 216
1-1 일반 사항 ··········································· 216
1-2 기기류의 설치 ···································· 217
1-3 기기의 주변 배관 ······························ 218
2. 증기 난방 배관 시공법 ···························· 219
2-1 일반 사항 ··········································· 219
2-2 배관 시공법 ······································· 220
2-3 기기의 주변 배관 ······························ 222

제4장　소화 및 공기조화 설비 시공법
1. 소화 설비 시공법 ····································· 225
1-1 옥내 소화전 설비 ······························ 225
1-2 스프링클러 시공 ································ 226
1-3 드렌처 시공 ······································· 227
2. 공기 조화 설비 시공법 ···························· 228
2-1 냉 ? 온수 배관 ····································· 228
2-2 냉매 배관 ··········································· 228
2-3 기구 설치 배관 ·································· 231
2-4 덕트의 설치 시공 ······························ 233

제5장　배관 보온 및 배관 시험
1. 배관 보온 ·················································· 239
1-1 급수 설비의 방로 보온 ····················· 239
1-2 급탕 설비의 보온 ···························· 240
1-3 보온재의 경제적 시공 방법 ·············· 241
2. 배관 시험-플랜트의 세정 ······················· 253
2-1 세정의 종류 ······································· 253
2-2 세정 시기 및 화학 세정 방법 ··········· 253
2-3 화학 세정용 약제 ······························ 255
3. 배관 시험 ·················································· 256
3-1 급 ? 배수 배관 시험 ···························· 256
3-2 냉 ? 난방 배관 시험 ···························· 259
3-3 기기 및 재료의 시험과 검사 ············ 260


제4편 배관의 지지와 배관 부속 제작법

제1장　배관의 지지
1. 행어 및 스폿 ············································ 264
1-1 행어 ··················································· 265
1-2 스폿 ··················································· 271
2. 레스트레인트 ············································ 272
2-1 앵커 ··················································· 272
2-2 가이드 ················································ 273
2-3 스토퍼 ················································ 275
3. 브레이스 ···················································· 275

제2장　배관 부속 제작법
1. 관 제작의 기초 사항 ······························· 277
1-1 관의 절단과 이음 ······························ 277
1-2 절단각 산출법 ···································· 278
1-3 절단선 긋는 방법 ······························ 279
2. 마킹 테이프에 의한 관 제작법 ·············· 279
2-1 마킹 테이프의 사용법 ······················· 279
2-2 관 제작법 ··········································· 280
3. 계산에 의한 제작법(삼각함수 응용) ······ 287
3-1 관 제작법 ··········································· 287
3-2 앵글 브래킷 제작법 ··························· 289


제5편 배관 제도

제1장　배관 제도의 기초
1. 도면 읽는 법 ············································ 292
1-1 도면의 읽기 ······································· 292
1-2 기계 제도와 배관 제도의 비교 ········· 292
1-3 배관 도면의 종류 ······························ 292
1-4 배관 제도의 종류 ···························· 293
1-5 설계도를 읽는 법 ······························ 294
2. 배관 도시 기호 ········································· 295
2-1 치수 기입법 ······································· 295
2-2 배관 도면 표시법 ······························ 297
2-3 기타 기호 ··········································· 306
3. 용접기호 ···················································· 310
4. 재료의 표시법 ··········································· 324
4-1 재료 기호 ··········································· 324
4-2 문자 사용법 ······································· 324
5. 건축 제도 ·················································· 326
5-1 설계도 ················································ 326
5-2 도시 기호 ··········································· 329
5-3 제도 순서와 주의 사항 ····················· 331
6. 계장 기호 ·················································· 332
6-1 문자 기호 ··········································· 332
6-2 문자 기호의 표시 방법 ····················· 333
6-3 개별 번호 ··········································· 334
6-4 도시 기호 ··········································· 334
6-5 문자 기호와 개별 번호의 표시 방법 335
6-6 도시 기호의 표시 방법 ····················· 336
6-7 도시 기호의 기입 예 ························· 336

제2장　설비 배관도
1. 급 ? 배수 설비 도면 작성법 ····················· 339
1-1 도면의 종류와 축척 ··························· 339
1-2 방식의 선정 ······································· 340
1-3 작도 순서 ··········································· 341
1-4 작도상의 주의점 ································ 342
2. 냉난방 공기조화 설비 도면의 작성법 ··· 342
2-1 도면의 종류와 축척 ··························· 342
2-2 방식의 선정 ······································· 344
2-3 작도 순서 ··········································· 348
2-4 작도상의 유의점 ································ 349
2-5 배관의 식별 표시 ······························ 349

제3장　생산 배관 제도
1. 생산 배관 도면의 종류 ···························· 351
1-1 평면 배관도 ······································· 351
1-2 입면 배관도 ······································· 353
1-3 입체 배관도 ······································· 354
1-4 공정도 ················································ 355
1-5 계통도 ················································ 356
1-6 배치도 ················································ 357
2. 라인 인덱스 ·············································· 357
2-1 라인 인덱스의 결정 방법 ·················· 358
2-2 라인 인덱스의 기재 순서 ·················· 358
3. 배관 부품 도시 기호 ······························· 359
3-1 관 ······················································· 359
3-2 관 이음 ·············································· 359
4. 도면 작성 시 주안점 ······························· 362
4-1 배관 설치 시의 기준 ························· 362
4-2 배관 재료 기준 ·································· 363


제6편 배관 관련 설비

제1장　급수 설비
1. 급수(給水)원 ············································· 366
1-1 지표수(지구 표면의 물) ····················· 366
1-2 지하수 ················································ 366
2. 정수법 ························································ 367
2-1 침전법 ················································ 367
2-2 여과법 ················································ 369
2-3 폭기법 ················································ 370
2-4 경수 연화법 ······································· 370
2-5 살균법 ················································ 371
3. 급수량과 관 지름 결정 ···························· 371
3-1 급수량(사용 수량) ····························· 371
3-2 급수량의 산정 방법 ··························· 375
3-3 급수관 관 지름 결정법 ····················· 376
3-4 마찰 손실 선도에 의한 관 지름 결정 · 379
4. 급수 방법 ·················································· 385
4-1 직결식 급수법 ···································· 385
4-2 고가 탱크(수조)식 급수법 ················· 386
4-3 압력 탱크식 급수법 ··························· 387
4-4 가압 펌프식 ······································· 390
5. 펌 프 ·························································· 391
5-1 펌프의 종류 ······································· 391
6. 위생 기구의 급수 방식 ···························· 396
6-1 대변기의 세정 급수 방식 ·················· 396
6-2 소변기의 세정 급수 장치 ·················· 401
6-3 수음기의 급수 장치 ··························· 402
6-4 세면기와 욕조의 급수 장치 ·············· 403

제2장　배수통기 및 정화조 설비
1. 배수의 목적과 배수 설비 ························ 404
1-1 배수 트랩과 통기관 ··························· 404
1-2 배수 통기 배관의 요점 ····················· 407
1-3 배수관의 지름과 구배 ······················· 414
1-4 배수관 및 통기관 관 지름 결정법 ···· 414
2. 정화조 ························································ 418
2-1 정화조의 구조와 기능 ······················· 418
2-2 정화조의 용량 계산법 ······················· 420
2-3 하수량과 하수 배관 및 하수의 정화 처리 ··················································· 423

제3장　난방 설비
1. 난방 설비 방식 ········································· 428
1-1 난방의 주요 설비 ······························ 428
1-2 난방법의 분류 ···································· 428
1-3 증기 난방법 ······································· 429
1-4 온수 난방법 ······································· 433
1-5 복사 난방법 ······································· 436
1-6 증기관의 관 지름 결정 ····················· 438
1-7 온수관의 관 지름 결정 ····················· 442
1-8 팽창 탱크 ··········································· 444
1-9 복사 난방의 설계 ······························ 448
2. 방열기 ························································ 450
2-1 방열기의 종류 ···································· 450
2-2 방열기의 부품과 배치 ······················· 454
3. 보일러 ························································ 456
3-1 보일러의 종류 ···································· 456
3-2 주철제 보일러 ···································· 457
3-3 노통 연관식 보일러 ··························· 459
3-4 수직형 보일러 ···································· 460
3-5 수관식 보일러 ···································· 461
3-6 보일러의 용량과 효율 ····················· 463
3-7 보일러의 용량 선정 ··························· 464

제4장　급탕 설비
1. 급탕량 ························································ 466
1-1 온수(탕)의 팽창 ································· 466
1-2 급탕량과 온도 ···································· 467
1-3 저탕조의 크기 ···································· 469
2. 급탕 방법 ·················································· 469
2-1 중앙식 급탕법 ···································· 469
2-2 개별식 급탕법 ···································· 472
2-3 온수 순환 펌프 및 관 지름 결정 ····· 474
2-4 급탕 설비의 설계 계산 ····················· 476

제5장　소화 설비
1. 소화전 설비 ·············································· 478
1-1 옥내 소화전 설비 ······························ 478
1-2 옥외 소화전 설비 ······························ 486
2. 스프링클러 설비와 드렌처 헤드 ············ 487
2-1 스프링클러 설비 ································ 487
2-2 스프링클러 배관법 ····························· 488
3. 특수 소화 설비와 화재 경보 장치 ········· 494
3-1 특수 소화 설비 ·································· 494
3-2 경보 설비 ··········································· 498

제6장　냉동 공기조화 설비
1. 냉동 설비 ·················································· 502
1-1 냉동의 원리 ······································· 502
1-2 냉동기의 종류 ···································· 503
1-3 열 펌프 ·············································· 506
1-4 냉매 ··················································· 506
1-5 응축기 ················································ 508
1-6 증발기 ················································ 510
2. 공기조화 설비 ··········································· 512
2-1 공기조화의 목적과 열부하 ················ 512
2-2 공기조화 설비 방식 ··························· 514
2-3 중앙식 공기조화 설비 ······················· 515
2-4 개별식 공기조화 설비 ······················· 519
2-5 환기 장치 ··········································· 520
3. 공기 선도 ·················································· 522
3-1 습공기 선도 ······································· 522
3-2 공기조화 ············································ 526
4. 공기조화 부하 계산 ································· 527
4-1 열 부하 ·············································· 527
4-2 난방 부하 ··········································· 528
4-3 냉방 부하 ··········································· 531
4-4 냉방 부하 계산 기본 공식 ················ 533


제7편 유체와 열에 관한 기초

제1장　물에 관한 기초
1. 물의 물리적 성질 ····································· 542
1-1 물의 형태 변환 ·································· 542
1-2 비중량과 비중 ···································· 543
1-3 밀도 ··················································· 544
1-4 압축성 ················································ 545
1-5 점성 ··················································· 545
1-6 표면 장력과 모세관 현상 ·················· 546
2. 유체의 정역학 ··········································· 547
2-1 압력 ··················································· 547
2-2 압력의 단위 ······································· 548
2-3 깊이와 압력 ······································· 550
2-4 수두와 압력 ······································· 551
2-5 압력의 측정 ······································· 551
2-6 압력의 전달 ······································· 555
2-7 깊이에 따른 전압력과 압력의 중심 ·· 556
2-8 대기의 압력과 진공 ··························· 556
2-9 부양체 ················································ 557
2-10 부력 ················································· 558
3. 유체의 동역학 ··········································· 558
3-1 층류와 난류 ······································· 558
3-2 정상류 및 비정상류 ··························· 559
3-3 유량 및 연속의 법칙 ························· 560
3-4 수두 ··················································· 561
3-5 베르누이의 정리 ································ 562
3-6 물의 분출 속도 ·································· 564
3-7 정압과 동압 ······································· 564
4. 유속 및 유량의 측정 ······························· 565
4-1 유량의 단위 ······································· 565
4-2 유속의 측정 ······································· 565
4-3 유량의 측정 ······································· 566
4-4 방수량의 계산 ···································· 572
5. 유체 마찰 ·················································· 573
5-1 유체 마찰 일반 ·································· 573
5-2 마찰 손실 ··········································· 573
5-3 관로의 형상과 손실 수두 ·················· 574
5-4 수격작용 ············································ 582

제2장　열에 관한 기초
1. 열의 모든 것 ············································ 584
1-1 열과 에너지 ······································· 584
1-2 에너지 불변의 법칙 ··························· 585
1-3 물체의 상태 변화와 내부 에너지 ····· 585
1-4 온도와 열량 단위 ······························ 586
1-5 열량과 에너지 관계식(열역학 제1법칙) 587
1-6 열역학의 제2법칙 ······························ 588
1-7 비열 ··················································· 588
1-8 전열(傳熱; 열의 이동) ······················ 589
1-9 열전달(熱傳達)과 열통과율 ··············· 590
2. 융해와 응고 ·············································· 591
2-1 융해 ··················································· 591
2-2 응고 ··················································· 592
3. 기화와 액화 ·············································· 592
3-1 증발과 비등 ······································· 592
3-2 기화열 ················································ 593
3-3 액화 ··················································· 593
4. 습도 ···························································· 594
4-1 포화 수증기 ······································· 594
4-2 습도 ··················································· 594
4-3 습도의 측정 ······································· 595
4-4 노점 온도 ··········································· 595
5. 이상 기체의 법칙 ····································· 595
5-1 이상 기체의 개념 ······························ 595
5-2 이상 기체의 상태 방정식 ·················· 596
5-3 이상 기체의 상태 변화 ····················· 597


부 록

1. 재료 기호 일람표 · 600
2. 배관 약어 · 605
3. 밸브 용어 · 609
4. KS 배관 도시 기호 · 617