Foreword: The Spectre of Atheism (Pierre-Antoine Fabre); Introduction: Investigating Causes of Atheism and Atheisation in Communist Contexts (Eva Guigo-Patzelt); SECTION 1: THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNIST ATHEISM IN INTERWAR AND POST-WORLD WAR II EUROPE; Chapter 1: “Sacred Parasites” or “People’s Allies”: The Greek Socialist Movement between Christian-Socialism and Bolshevik Anti-Clericalism (1880-1940) (Kostas Paloukis); Chapter 2: Technocratic Secularism and Religion in Communist Albania (Artan R. Hoxha); Chapter 3: “Is Marxism Necessarily Atheistic?” Gustav Wetter, the Holy See and the Condemnation of Communism (Marie Lucas and Mikhail Velizhev); SECTION 2: EASTERN EUROPEAN AMBIVALENCES IN THE 1970S AND 1980S; Chapter 4: Formation and Dissolution of the Museum for the Development of Social Consciousness in Bratislava (Jan Tesař); Chapter 5: New Thinking in the Nuclear Age? Marxist-Leninist Conceptions of War and Peace in the GDR in the 1980s and the Dialogue with Churches and Christians (Stephen G. Brown); Chapter 6: Shifting Paradigms: Religiosity and Atheization in Socialist Slovenia (Gašper Mithans and Mateja Režek); SECTION 3: REALIGNMENTS OF COMMUNISM AND ATHEISM IN VARYING RELIGIOUS EXTRA-EUROPEAN CONTEXTS; Chapter 7: “Muslim Communists”: Afghan Atheism in the 20th Century (Sayed Hassan Akhlaq); Chapter 8: Navigating “Superstition”, Science, and (Non-)Belief: Religious Engineering and Dynamics of Secularism in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 1955-1975 (Thao Nghiem).