Contents


Preface 3
Contents 15

PART IV THE STATE AND ADMINISTRATION OF BAEKJE 37

CHAPTER 11 State Formation and Royal Authority in Baekje 37

I. Baekje as a State Tradition 39
II. Sources and Historiographical Problems 41
III. The Geographical Foundations of Baekje 42
IV. Mahan and the Political Context of State Formation 44
V. The Onjo Foundation Tradition 45
VI. Early Kingship and Aristocratic Power 46
VII. Territorial Growth and the Strengthening of Kingship 47
VIII. King Goi and Institutional Consolidation 48
IX. Royal Succession and Dynastic Competition 50
X. King Geunchogo and the Expansion of Royal Power 51
XI. Baekje’s Maritime Kingship 52
XII. Buddhism and Royal Authority 53
XIII. Hanseong as a Royal Capital 54
XIV. Fifth-Century Geopolitical Crisis 55
XV. The Ungjin Transition 56
XVI. Aristocratic Factions in the Ungjin Period 57
XVII. King Dongseong and Royal Rebalancing 58
XVIII. King Muryeong and the Reconstruction of Monarchy 58
XIX. King Seong and the Sabi Transformation 60
XX. Capitals and the Development of Royal Authority 61
XXI. Sources of Baekje Royal Power 62
XXII. Royal Authority and Aristocratic Government 63
XXIII. Royal Law and Public Order 64
XXIV. Royal Ritual and Political Theology 65
XXV. Royal Diplomacy 66
XXVI. Crises of Royal Authority 66
XXVII. Mechanisms of Royal Recovery 67
XXVIII. Comparative Development of Selected Kings 68
XXIX. Baekje as an Adaptive Royal-Maritime Monarchy 69
XXX. State Capacity and Royal Authority 70
XXXI. Social and Moral Dimensions of Royal State Formation 70
XXXII. Historical Significance 71
XXXIII. Conclusion 72

CHAPTER 12 Central Administration and Bureaucracy in Baekje 77

I. The Problem of Baekje Bureaucracy 79
II. Sources for Baekje’s Central Administration 80
III. Historical Phases of Central Administration 82
IV. The King as Head of Central Administration 84
V. The Royal Palace Administration 85
VI. The Sixteen Official Ranks 86
VII. The JwapyeongOrder 88
VIII. The Sangjwapyeong and Chief Ministerial Government 91
IX. The Twenty-Two Central Departments 92
X. A Functional Reconstruction of the Departmental System 93
XI. Rank, Office, and Aristocratic Status 96
XII. Official Dress and the Visual Administration of Rank 97
XIII. Central Fiscal Administration 98
XIV. Documentary Administration 99
XV. Law and Judicial Bureaucracy 101
XVI. Military Central Administration 102
XVII. Diplomatic Bureaucracy 102
XVIII. Buddhist Administration 103
XIX. Education and Specialist Personnel 104
XXI. Capital Administration at Sabi 106
XXII. Iksan as a Secondary Royal Center 107
XXIII. Central–Local Administrative Relations 108
XXIV. Recruitment and Careers 109
XXV. Administrative Accountability 110
XXVI. Bureaucratic Capacity 110
XXVII. Strengths of Baekje Bureaucracy 111
XXVIII. Weaknesses and Contradictions 112
XXIX. Comparison with Other Five-State Systems 113
XXX. Was Baekje a Bureaucratic State? 114
XXXI. The Bureaucracy as a Political Bargain 115
XXXII. Bureaucracy and the Fall