Foreword by John Lasseter Preface What is good timing? The storyboard Responsibility of the director The basic unit of time in animation Timing on bar sheets Exposure charts Animation and properties of matter Movement and Caricature Cause and effect Newton's laws of motion Object's thrown through the air Timing of inanimate objects rotating objects Force transmitted through a flexible joint Force transmitted through jointed limbs Spacing of drawings Timing as slow action as fast action getting into and out of holds Single frames or double frames? How long to hold? Anticipation Follow through Overlapping action Timing an oscillating movement Timing to suggest weight and force Timing to suggest force: repeat action Character reaction and takes Timing to give feeling of size The effects of friction, air resistance and wind Timing cycles Effects animation: flames and smoke Water Rain Snow Explosions repeat movements of inanimate objects Timing a walk Types of walk Spacing of drawings in perspective animation Timing animals' movements Bird flight Drybush (speed lines) Accentuating movement Strobing fast run cycles Characterisation The use of timing to suggest mood Synchronising animation to speech Lip-sync Timing and music Camera movements Peg movements