Complexity and Challenges in Understanding Biological, Ecological, and Natural Systems. Evolution of Neural Learning Concepts. Overview of Neural Network Architectures for Practical Data Analysis. Multi-Layer Perceptron Network and Self Organizing Maps and Practical Examples.. In-Depth Look at Data Prior to Modeling. Issues of Model Validation Involving Complex Data. Uncertainty and sensitivity assessment of Models. Time-Series Analysis with Recurrent Networks and Practical Application Case Studies. Comparison with Relevant Statistical Methods. New Directions and Future Potential of Neural Networks.