Introduction 8
Part I Cultural developments and predisposing techniques 1750-1939
1. Cultural transformations: Neo-Classical architecture 1750-1900 12
2. Territorial transformations: urban developments 1800-1909 20
3. Technical transformations: structural engineering 1775-1939 29
Part II A critical history 1836-1967
1. News from Nowhere: England 1836-1924 42
2. Adler and Sullivan: the Auditorium and the high rise 1886-95 51
3. Frank Lloyd Wright and the myth of the Prairie 1890-1916 57
4. Structural Rationalism and the influence of Viollet-le-Duc: Gaudi, Horta, Guimard and Berlage 1880-1910 64
5. Charles Rennie Mackintosh and the Glasgow School 1896-1916 74
6. The Sacred Spring: Wagner, Olbrich and Hoffmann 1886-1912 78
7. Antonio Sant'Elia and Futurist architecture 1909-14 84
8. Adolf Loos and the crisis of culture 1896-1931 90
9. Henry van de Velde and the abstraction of empathy 1895-1914 96
10. Tony Garnier and the Industrial City 1899-1918 100
11. Auguste Perret: the evolution of Classical Rationalism 1899-1925 105
12. The Deutsche Werkbund 1898-1927 109
13. The Glass Chain: European architectural Expressionism 1910-25 116
14. The Bauhaus: the evolution of an idea 1919-32 123
15. The New Objectivity: Germany, Holland and Switzerland 1923-33 130
16. De Stijl: the evolution and dissolution of Neo-Plasticism 1917-31 142
17. Le Corbusier and the Esprit Nouveau 1907-31 149
18. Mies van der Rohe and the significance of fact 1921-33 161
19. The New Collectivity: art and architecture in the Soviet Union 1918-32 167
20. Le Corbusier and the Ville Radieuse 1928-46 178
21. Frank Lloyd Wright and the Disappearing City 1929-63 186
22. Alvar Aalto and the Nordic tradition: National Romanticism and the Doricist sensibility 1895-1957 192
23. Giuseppe Terragni and the architecture of Italian Rationalism 1926-43 203
24. Architecture and the State: ideology and representation 1914-43 210
25. Le Corbusier and the monumentalization of the vernacular 1930-60 224
26. Mies van der Rohe and the monumentalization of technique 1933-67 231
27. The Eclipse of the New Deal: Buckminster Fuller, Philip Johnson and Louis Kahn 1934-64 238
Part III Critical assessment and extension into the present 1925-91
1. The International Style: theme and variations 1925-65 248
2. New Brutalism and the architecture of the Welfare State: England 1949-59 262
3. The vicissitudes of ideology: CIAM and Team X, critique and counter-critique 1928-68 269
4. Place, Production and Scenography: international theory and practice since 1962 280
5. Critical Regionalism: modern architecture and cultural identity 314
6. World architecture and reflective practice 328
7. Architecture in the Age of Globalization: topography, morphology, sustainability, materiality, habitat and civic form 1975-2007 344
Select Bibliography 390
Acknowledgments 412
Index 414