Preface ix
Terrorism and Conspiracies 1
Defining Terrorism 1
The Terrorist Threat 6
Responding to Terrorism 10
9/11 Conspiracies 12
Saddam Hussein's Invasion of Kuwait 17
Fundamentalism and Democracy 27
Fundamentalism 27
The Saudi Kingdom 35
Democracy in the Middle East 39
Fundamentalism and Democracy 46
Democracy Since the Iraq Invasion 51
Sources of U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East 53
Oil 53
Israel, the Israel Lobby, and U.S. Policy 60
Israel and U.S. Interests 65
Wars in the "Greater Middle East" 71
Afghanistan 71
Responding to 9/11 75
Afghanistan Today 79
The United States and Iraq, 2003 83
Other Major Powers and Iraq 90
The Current Situation in Iraq 95
The Iraqi Insurgency 103
U.S. Policy in Iraq Today 110
What Should the Antiwar Movement Be Calling For? 115
Will Withdrawal Lead to Civil War? 118
The Kurds in Iraq 120
The Kurds in Turkey 123
Secession, Self-Determination, and Justice 128
Syria 131
Iran 136
The Israel-Palestine Conflict 143
The Legitimacy of Israel 143
Palestinian Say in Any Settlement 148
Going from a Settlement to Lasting Peace 157
Palestinians Within Israel 158
Mizrahim 162
The Palestinian Refugees 163
Efforts to Achieve Peace 166
The Palestinian View of a Settlement 176
Zionism and the Palestinians 179
Israeli Politics 184
Palestinian Politics 188
How Can We Support Justice in Israel/Palestine? 191
Boycotts, Divestment, and Other Tactics 195
Anti-Semitism 199
Anti-Semitism in Western Europe 204
Anti-Arab Racism and Islamophobia 211
Epilogue 215
Gilbert Achcar: The Situation in Iraq 215
Hamas in Power 221
Noam Chomsky: The Israel-Hezbollah-Lebanon Conflict 225
The Israel Lobby 229
The United States and Iran 230
Hezbollah 235
Confrontation with Hamas and Hezbollah 237
Postscript: Two More Years of Crisis 243
Gilbert Achcar: The Iraq "Surge" 243
Lebanon and Israel 250
Palestinian Developments 256
Noam Chomsky: The U.S. Elections and Iraq 261
Iran 267
Israel-Palestine and the United States 271
Notes 279
Index 307
About the Authors 319