Acknowledgements
Introduction

PART ONE - Background
Introduction
1. Second language acquisition research: an overview

PART TWO - The description of learner language
Introduction
2. Learner errors and error analysis
3. Developmental patterns: order and sequence in second language acquisition
4. Variability in learner language
5. Pragmatic aspects of learner language

PART THREE - Explaining second language acquisition: external factors
Introduction
6. Social factors and second language acquisition
7. Input and interaction and second language acquisition

PART FOUR - Explaining second language acquisition: internal factors
Introduction
8. Language transfer
9. Cognitive accounts of second language acquisition
10. Linguistic universals and second language acquisition

PART FIVE - Explaining individual differences in second language acquisition
Introduction
11. Individual learner differences
12. Learning strategies

PART SIX - Classroom second language acquisition
Introduction
13. Classroom interaction and second language acquisition
14. Formal instruction and second language acquisition

PART SEVEN - Conclusion
Introduction
15. Data, theory, and applications in second language acquisition research

Glossary
Bibliography
Author index
Subjectindex