Introduction 1

Powhatan, Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy (1609) 5

To Captain John Smith

Big Mouth, Onondaga Chief (1684) 7

To De la Barre, Governor of Canada

Andrew Hamilton (1735) 9

In Defense of John Peter Zenger and the Freedom of the Press

Canasatego, Onondaga Chief (1744) 12

“We Will Make Men of Them”

John Hancock (1774) 14

On the Fourth Anniversary of the Boston Massacre

Logan, Mingo Chief (1774) 16

To Lord Dunmore

Patrick Henry (1775) 17

“Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death”

Solomon, Stockbridge Chief (1775) 20

“We Have Ever Been True Friends”

Samuel Adams (1776) 22

To the Continental Congress

Benjamin Franklin (1787) 25

To the Constitutional Convention

Jonathan Smith (1788) 28

To the Massachusetts Convention

George Washington (1796) 31

“Observe Good Faith and Justice towards All Nations”

Thomas Jefferson (1801) 34

First Inaugural Address

Red Jacket, Seneca Chief (1805) 36

“We Never Quarrel about Religion”

Tecumseh, Shawnee Chief (1811) 39

“Sleep Not Longer, O Choctaws and Chickasaws”

Pushmataha, Choctaw Chief (1824) 42

Welcome to Lafayette

Daniel Webster (1825) 43

Bunker Hill Oration

Black Hawk, Sauk Chief (1832) 46

“Farewell to Black Hawk”

Sam Houston (1836) 49

“Remember the Alamo!”

Elijah Lovejoy (1837) 51

In Defense of a Free Press

Angelina Grimke (1838) . 53

“What Has the North to Do with Slavery?”

Henry Highland Garnet (1843) 56

The Call to Rebellion

Lewis Richardson (1846) 58

“My Grave Shall Be Made in Free Soil”

Thomas Corwin (1847) 61

Against War with Mexico

Frederick Douglass (1847) 64

“If I Had a Country, I Should Be a Patriot”

Henry Clay (1850) 67

A Call for a Measure of Compromise

Sojourner Truth (1851) 69

“If You Have Woman’s Rights, Give Them to Her”

Frederick Douglass (1852) 71

“What to the American Slave Is Your Fourth of July?”

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1854) 73

On the Fugitive Slave Law

Seattle, Duwamish Chief (1854) 76

“We Will Dwell Apart and in Peace”

Lucy Stone (1855) 79

“A Disappointed Woman”

Abraham Lincoln (1858) 81

“A House Divided”

Stephen Douglas (1858) 83

Sixth Lincoln-Douglas Debate

John Brown (1859) 85

To the Court after Sentencing

William Lloyd Garrison (1859) 87

On the Death of John Brown

Jefferson Davis (1861) 89

Farewell to the Senate

Abraham Lincoln (1863) 91

The Gettysburg Address

Abraham Lincoln (1865) 93

“With Malice toward None, with Charity for All”

Henry M. Turner (1868) 95

“I Hold That I Am a Member of This Body”

George Graham Vest (1870) 97

Eulogy on the Dog

Cochise, Chiricahua Apache Chief (1872) 99

“We Will Remain at Peace with Your People Forever”

Susan B. Anthony (1873) 101

“Are Women Persons?”

Chief Joseph, Nez Perce (1877) 104

“I Will Fight No More Forever”

Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1892) 106

“The Solitude of Self”

William Jennings Bryan (1896) 109

“A Cross of Gold”

Russell Conwell (late 1890s) 112

“Acres of Diamonds”

Harry Gladstone (1898) 116

To the Machine Tenders Union

Mother Jones (1901) 117

To the United Mine Workers of America

Florence Kelley (1905) 120

“Freeing the Children from Toil”

Mark Twain (1906) 122

“In Behalf of Simplified Spelling”

Theodore Roosevelt (1910) 125

Citizenship in a Republic

Rose Schneiderman (1911) 127

On the Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire

John Jay Chapman (1912) 129

The Coatesville Address

Stephen S. Wise (1914) 133

Tribute to Lincoln

Woodrow Wilson (1915) 135

“An Oath of Allegiance to a Great Ideal”

Anna Howard Shaw (1915) 137

The Fundamental Principle of a Republic

Woodrow Wilson (1917) 140

“The World Must Be Made Safe for Democracy”

Emma Goldman (1917) 143

“First Make Democracy Safe in America”

Eugene V. Debs (1918) 146

“While There Is a Lower Class, I Am in It”

Clarence Darrow (1924) 149

In Defense of Leopold and Loeb

Alfred E. Smith (1928) 153

“Anything Un-American Cannot Live in the Sunlight”

Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933) 155

“The Only Thing We Have to Fear Is Fear Itself”

Lou Gehrig (1939) 158

“The Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth”

Harold Ickes (1941) 160

“What Constitutes an American?”

Franklin D. Roosevelt (1941) 162

“A Date Which Will Live in Infamy”

Learned Hand (1944) 165

“The Spirit of Liberty”

Dwight D. Eisenhower (1944) 167

“The Eyes of the World Are upon You”

Franklin D. Roosevelt (1944) . 169

The Fala Address

Douglas MacArthur (1944) 171

“People of the Philippines: I Have Returned”

Roland Gittelsohn (1945) 173

Eulogy at the Marine Corps Cemetery

Albert Einstein (1947) 176

To the United Nations

Margaret Chase Smith (1950) 179

“The Four Horsemen of Calumny”

William Faulkner (1950) 182

“I Decline to Accept the End of Man”

Pearl Buck (1951) 184

Forbidden to Speak at Cardozo High School Graduation

Charlotta Bass (1952) 187

“Let My People Go”

Richard Nixon (1952) 190

The Checkers Speech

Martin Luther King Jr. (1955) 192

“There Comes a Time When People Get Tired”

Langston Hughes (1957) 194

“On the Blacklist All Our Lives”

Roy Wilkins (1957) 197

“The Clock Will Not Be Turned Back”

John F. Kennedy (1961) 200

“Ask What You Can Do for Your Country”

Douglas MacArthur (1962) 204

“Duty, Honor, Country”

John F. Kennedy (1963) 206

“Let Them Come to Berlin”

Martin Luther King Jr. (1963) 208

“I Have a Dream”

Charles B. Morgan Jr. (1963) 211

“Four Little Girls Were Killed”

Earl Warren (1963) 214

Eulogy for President John F. Kennedy

Malcolm X (1964) 216

“The Ballot or the Bullet”

Barry Goldwater (1964) 220

“Extremism in the Defense of Liberty Is No Vice”

Mario Savio (1964) 223

“History Has Not Ended”

Lyndon Baines Johnson (1965) 225

“We Shall Overcome”

Adlai Stevenson (1965) 229

To the United Nations

William Sloane Coffin Jr. (1967) 231

“The Anvil of Individual Conscience”

Cesar Chavez (1968) 234

“God Help Us to Be Men!”

J. William Fulbright (1968) 236

“The Focus Is Vietnam”

Martin Luther King Jr. (1968) 239

“I’ve Been to the Mountaintop”

Robert F. Kennedy (1968) 242

On the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

Shirley Chisholm (1969) 245

“The Business of America Is War”

Frank James (1970) 248

On the 350th Anniversary of Plymouth

Archibald Cox (1971) 251

“The Price of Liberty to Speak the Truth”

Barbara Jordan (1974) 253

“My Faith in the Constitution Is Whole”

Richard Nixon (1974) 256

“I Shall Resign the Presidency”

Silvio Conte (1975) 258

“I Must ‘Raise a Beef’ about This Bill”

Dr. Seuss (1977) 260

Commencement Address at Lake Forest College

Esther Cohen (1981) 261

At the Liberators Conference

Samantha Smith (1983) 263

“Look Around and See Only Friends”

Ronald Reagan (1986) 266

To the Nation on the Challenger Disaster

Thurgood Marshall (1987) 268

On the Bicentennial of the Constitution

Ronald Reagan (1987) 271

“Mr. Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall!”

Jesse Jackson (1988) 274

To the Democratic National Convention

Daniel Inouye (1993) 276

To the 442nd Infantry Regimental Combat Team

Cal Ripken Jr. (1995) 279

To His Fans

Charles S. Robb (2000) 281

“They Died for That Which Can Never Burn”

Appendix: To the Young Speaker 285

Permissions 287

Photo Credits 288

Index of Speakers 289

Index of Themes 291