Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I Understanding the debate -- 1 A FIRST LOOK: THE PRIMA-FACIE CASES -- 2 THE PROBLEMS OF RELEVANCE -- 3 CLAUDE BERNARD: THE FOUNDER OF THE PARADIGM -- 4 THE CURRENT PARADIGM -- 5 EVOLUTION I: SPECIES AND SPECIES DIFFERENCES -- 6 EVOLUTION II: THE WIDENING SYNTHESIS -- Part II Evaluating animal experimentation: the scientific issues -- 7 CAUSAL DISANALOGY I: STRONG MODELS -- AND THEORETICAL EXPECTATIONS -- 8 CAUSAL DISANALOGY II: THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE -- 9 CAUSAL DISANALOGY III: WEAK MODELS -- 10 EVADING CAUSAL DISANALOGY: IT JUST WORKS -- 11 AVOIDING CAUSAL DISANALOGY: TRANSGENIC ANIMALS -- 12 BASIC RESEARCH -- Part ill Evaluating animal experimentation: the moral issues -- 13 THE MORAL DEBATE IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT -- 14 SPECIESISM: THE DEONTOLOGICAL DEFENSE -- 15 INCALCULABLE BENEFITS: THE CONSEQUENTIALIST DEFENSE -- 16 CONCLUSION -- Bibliography -- Index.