Preface ix

1 Introduction 1

1.1 An Argument for a Management Framework 1

1.2 Agenda 4

1.3 Structure 4

1.4 Value 5

2 Architecture and Management 7

2.1 Setting the Scene 7

2.2 Architecture and Management 7

2.2.1 Architectural Practice 8

2.3 Design 9

2.3.1 Design as an Activity (Process) 9

2.3.2 Design as Collaboration (Co-design) 10

2.3.3 Design as Learning 10

2.3.4 Design as an Output (Product) 11

2.3.5 Types of Design and Management Challenges 11

2.4 The Management of Design 12

2.4.1 In Construction 12

2.4.2 In Architecture 13

2.4.3 Comparing Roles 13

2.5 The Business of Architecture 14

2.5.1 The Challenge of Uniqueness 15

3 Architectural Management 17

3.1 Setting the Scene 17

3.2 Architectural Management: What it is 17

3.2.1 The Meaning of Architectural Management 18

3.2.2 A Practical Definition of Architectural Management 19

3.3 Benefits of Adopting Architectural Management 20

3.4 Levels of Application 21

3.5 The Architectural Manager 23

3.5.1 What does the Architectural Manager do? 23

3.5.2 Knowledge and Skills 25

3.5.3 Who is Best Qualified to Practise or Lead Architectural Management? 26

3.6 Ensuring Consistency 27

3.7 Self-reflection 28

3.8 Managing Expectations 28

3.9 Taking on the Architectural Manager Role 30

4 Architectural Management Framework 33

4.1 Setting the Scene 33

4.2 The Essentials 33

4.2.1 Architectural Offices 33

4.3 Strategic Concerns: People and Processes 34

4.3.1 People 34

4.3.2 Processes 36

4.4 Practical Concerns: Managing Resources 36

4.4.1 Less is More 37

4.4.2 Managing Design Effort 37

4.4.3 Staff Deployment 37

4.4.4 Identifying Good Habits and Eliminating Inefficiencies 38

4.4.5 Balancing Risk and Reward 39

4.4.6 Ensuring Consistency 40

4.5 A Practical Framework 41

4.6 How to use the Framework 41

5 Managing the Business 43

5.1 Business Model 44

5.2 Organisation Design 47

5.3 Marketing 48

5.4 Human Resource Management 51

5.5 Information Technology Utilisation 54

5.6 Workplace Design and Management 55

5.7 Ethics and Legal Issues 57

5.8 Knowledge Management 60

5.9 Growth Planning 61

5.10 Financial Management 62

6 Managing Projects 67

6.1 Design Excellence 68

6.2 Design Management 70

6.3 Project Management 72

6.4 Construction Management 75

6.5 Facilities Management 77

6.6 Property ‘Real Estate’ Development 78

6.7 Interior Design 80

6.8 Architectural Support Services 82

6.9 Investments and other Business Ventures 83

6.10 Quality Management 84

7 Managing Stakeholders 87

7.1 Stakeholder Identification 88

7.2 Stakeholder Analysis 90

7.3 Stakeholder Communication 92

7.4 Stakeholder Engagement 94

7.5 Conflict Management 96

7.6 Value Management 97

7.7 Managing the Firm’s Social Responsibility 99

7.8 Managing Sustainability 100

7.9 Client Education 102

7.10 Managing Client Requirements 102

8 Managing Learning 105

8.1 The Learning Firm 106

8.2 Managing Individual Learning 108

8.3 Managing Group Learning 110

8.4 Managing Organisational Learning 113

8.5 Managing Inter-Organisational Learning 115

8.6 Managing Continuing Professional Development 117

8.7 Measuring Effectiveness 119

8.8 Measuring the Architectural Manager’s Leadership Skills 121

8.9 Analogical Comparison with Others 123

8.10 Collaborating with Professional Bodies 125

9 Practical Application 129

9.1 The Sole Practitioner 129

9.1.1 Scenario 129

9.1.2 Applying Architectural Management ? Managing Learning 130

9.1.3 Reflection and Measuring Performance 130

9.2 The Small Office 131

9.2.1 Scenario 131

9.2.2 Applying Architectural Management ? Managing Projects 132

9.2.3 Reflection and Measuring Performance 132

9.3 The Medium-sized Office 133

9.3.1 Scenario 133

9.3.2 Applying Architectural Management ? Managing the Business 134

9.3.3 Reflection and Measuring Performance 134

9.4 The Large Office 135

9.4.1 Scenario 135

9.4.2 Applying Architectural Management ? Managing Stakeholders 135

9.4.3 Reflection and Measuring Performance 137

9.5 And Finally…it is Your Turn 137

Further Reading 139

Architectural Management 139

Design Management for AEC 139

Generic Design Management 140

References 141

Index 143