List of figures and tables

Preface to fourth edition

Acknowledgements

Unit 1 The historical, social and political context

1A Introduction to the historical, social and political context

1B The legacy of colonialism

1C Postcolonial North America and Africa

1D The discourses of postcolonialism (Alastair Pennycook)

Unit 2 Who speaks English today?

2A Introduction to who speaks English today?

2B The English Today debate

2C Teaching and testing global Englishes

2D Who owns English today? (Henry Widdowson)

Unit 3 English as an international lingua franca

3A Introduction to English as an international lingua franca

3B The nature of ELF communication

3C The evolution of thinking about ELF

3D The future of English as a lingua franca (Jennifer Jenkins)

Unit 4 English and ELF in global education

4A Introduction to English and ELF in global education

4B Towards the ELF-informed classroom

4C Problematising English in EMI higher education

4D The end of ‘international’ standardised English language testing? (Jennifer Jenkins and Constant Leung)

Unit 5 Standard language ideology in the Anglophone world

5A Introduction to standard language ideology in the Anglophone world

5B Diversity across Anglophone space

5C Standards across channels

5D Is language (still) power in the inner circle? (Lesley Milroy)

Unit 6 Variation across postcolonial Englishes

6A Introduction to variation across postcolonial Englishes

6B ‘Legitimate’ and ‘illegitimate’ offspring of English

6C ‘Sub’-varieties of English: the example of Singlish

6D From language to literature (Chinua Achebe and Ng?g? wa Thiong’o)

Unit 7 English in Asia, Europe and Latin America

7A Introduction to English in Asia, Europe and Latin America

7B En route to new linguistic practices

7C Asian Englishes: focus on India, Hong Kong and China

7D Attitudes to non-native Englishes in China (Ying Wang)

Unit 8 The future of global Englishes

8A Introduction to the future of global Englishes

8B Possible future scenarios

8C Language killer or language promoter?

8D Looking ahead (Alastair Pennycook)

Further reading

References

Glossarial index