Contents

How to use this book

Contents cross-referenced

Figures and tables

Acknowledgements

Preface

A INTRODUCTION

A1 Approaches to grammar

A2 Nouns

A3 Noun phrases and determiners

A4 Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions

A5 Verbs and their forms

A6 Auxiliaries and the verb phrase

A7 Varying the verb phrase

A8 Clauses and clause elements

A9 Types of sentence

A10 Subordinate clauses

A11 Redesigning sentences

A12 Grammar in speech and writing

B DEVELOPMENT

B1 Word classes

B2 Pronouns

B3 Articles

B4 Types of adverb

B5 The meanings of tense and aspect

B6 Modal auxiliaries

B7 Multi-word verbs

B8 Verb patterns

B10 Relative clauses

B9 Clause types

B11 Beyond and beneath the sentence

B12 Reporting

C EXPLORATION

C1 Words with multiple word-class membership

C2 Nouns which can be both count and noncount

C3 Usage problems with determiners

C4 The comparison of adjectives

C5 Distinguishing -ing and -ed forms

C6 Verbs which can be transitive and intransitive

C7 Ergativity

C8 Analysing clauses

C9 Exploring texts (1)

C10 Exploring texts (2)

C11 Exploring texts (3): putting it all together

C12 Analysing spoken texts

D EXTENSION

D1 What is grammar?

D2 Count and mass nouns

D3 Determiners: a class apart

D4 Prepositions and space

D5 Expressing future time

D6 Hedging and boosting

D7 Words and phrases

D8 Semantic roles of the subject

D9 Speech acts

D10 Conditionals

D11 Subject, actor, theme

D12 Grammar in the construction of online discussion messages

Sources of texts used

References

Index of terms and concepts