1. Introduction: Religious cultures in an imperial landscape Rosalind O’Hanlon and David Washbrook 2. The debate within: a Sufi critique of religious law, tasawwuf and politics in Mughal India Muzaffar Alam 3. The four sampradays: ordering the religious past in Mughal North India John Stratton Hawley 4. Theology and statecraft Monika Horstmann 5. Advaita Ved?nta in early modern history Christopher Minkowski 6. The Brahmin double: the Brahminical construction of anti-Brahminism and anti-caste sentiment in the religious cultures of precolonial Maharashtra Christian Lee Novetzke 7. Speaking from Siva’s temple: Banaras scholar households and the Brahman ‘ecumene’ of Mughal India Rosalind O’Hanlon 8. A tale of two temples: Mathur?’s Ke´savadeva and Orcch?’s Caturbhujadeva Heidi Pauwels 9. Replicating Vaisnava worlds: organizing devotional space through the architectonics of the mandala Tony K. Stewart