Introduction Act I 1 Sociopolitical Context: Problems and Opportunities 2 Heaven, Spirits, and Fate 3 Divination, Prediction, and Human Agency 4 Military Affairs and Justified Violence 5 Basic Moral Values and Virtues 6 The Development of Law in Early Chinese Political Philosophy 7 The Constitution of the Human Person 8 Agency 9 Names and Speech in Warring States Thought 10 Knowledge and Argumentation 11 Dao and What Is Above Forms Act II 12 Dao and Intellectual Diversity: Three Ways of Finding Our Way Forward 13 Early Chinese Philosophy of History 14 Chinese Identity, Confucian Ethnocentrism, and the Idea of the Civilization-State 15 Early Literary Thought 16 Music in Early Chinese Philosophy 17 Gender Discourse in the Confucian Classics and Han Confucianism 18 Filial Piety (Xiao): A Crucial but Contested Virtue 19 Yinyang Thinking: The Power of Connectivity 20 Heaven and Fate in Han Period Thought 21 Things and What Is Beyond All Things: Clarifying the Relationship Between You and Wu in Wei-Jin Xuanxue 22 Agency and Morality in Xuanxue Thought Act III 23 Chinese Reactions to and Adaptations of Buddhist Monasticism 24 Relations Among the Three Teachings 25 Expedient Means and Conventional Truth 26 Language and Beyond Language in Chinese Buddhism 27 On Artistic Creations 28 Emptiness in Chinese Buddhism 29 Buddha-nature 30 Consciousness 31 Theory and Practice in Huayan Buddhism 32 Desire, Human Nature, and Relational Virtuosity: Chan Buddhist Insights Act IV 33 Philosophy of Literature in Middle Period China (800-1400) 34 Middle Period Arguments on the Compatibility of the Three Teachings: The Positions of Chao Jiong, Qisong, and Li Chunfu 35 Things and What Is Beyond All Things 36 Cosmology and Physical Science 37 Constitution of the Human Person 38 Agency and Moral Subjectivity 39 Knowledge and Knowing in Neo-Confucianism 40 Zhu Xi and the Paradox of Moral Education 41 Quiet-Sitting Meditation: A Philosophical Practice in the Cheng-Zhu Learning of Pattern- Principle 42 Ideal Personality and the Ways to Achieve It in Neo-Confucianism: The Teachings of Wang Yangming and His Followers as an Example