제1장 행정학의 기초

제1절 행정과 행정시스템 4
1. 행정이란 무엇인가? 4
1) 공공부문과 민간부문, 그리고 제3섹터 _ 4
2) 공공부문 관리의 필요성 _ 9
3) 행정의 개념과 특성 _ 14
2. 행정시스템 · 16
1) 행정환경 _ 18
2) 행정프로그램관리 _ 20
3) 행정자원관리 _ 21
제2절 행정의 가치 · 22
1. 행정가치의 의미 22
2. 행정가치의 종류 23
1) 법적 가치 _ 23
2) 정치 . 사회적 가치 _ 25
3) 행정관리적 가치 _ 28
4) 그 밖의 현대적 가치 _ 30
제3절 행정이론의 전개 30
1. 행정연구의 전통적 관점 31
1) 매디슨주의 관점 _ 31
2) 잭슨주의 관점 _ 31
3) 윌슨주의 관점 _ 32
4) 루즈벨트주의 관점 _ 34
2. 행정연구의 과학화와 정체성 위기 34
1) 행태이론 _ 34
2) 신행정학 _ 36
3) 공공선택이론 _ 37
3. 최근의 행정이론 39
1) 신공공관리론 _ 39
2) 뉴 거버런스론 _ 40
3) 공공가치론 _ 42

제2장 인공지능행정론
제1절 인공지능의 이해 48
1. 인공지능의 개념 ·········································································· 48
2. 인공지능의 작동 ·········································································· 49
3. 인공지능의 요소 ·········································································· 50
제2절 인공지능행정의 이해 53
1. 인공지능행정의 이론 ··································································· 53
1) 인공지능행정의 개념 _ 53
2) 인공지능행정의 유형 _ 54
2. 인공지능행정의 실제 ·································································· 57
1) 인공지능행정의 정책과정별 활용 _ 57
2) 인공지능행정의 공공업무별 활용 _ 58
제3절 인공지능행정의 동인 61
1. 기술적 동인 ·················································································· 61
2. 조직적 동인 ·················································································· 63
3. 제도적 동인 ·················································································· 64
4. 환경적 동인 ·················································································· 65
제4절 인공지능행정의 효과 67
1. 행정적 . 운영적 효과 ···································································· 67
2. 정치적 . 사회적 효과 ···································································· 69
3. 경제적 . 산업적 효과 ···································································· 71
제5절 인공지능행정의 윤리 73
1. 인공지능행정의 역효과 ······························································· 73
2. 인공지능행정의 윤리적 과제 ····················································· 77

제3장 행정조직론
제1절 조직과 조직이론 86
1. 조직의 의의 ·················································································· 86
2. 조직의 유형 ·················································································· 88
3. 조직의 환경 ·················································································· 89
4. 조직이론의 흐름 ·········································································· 90
1) 고전적 접근 _ 91
2) 인간관계론 _ 93
3) 시스템이론 _ 94
4) 상황적 접근 _ 94
제2절 조직의 미시적 차원 95
1. 개인특성 및 인간관 ···································································· 95
2. 동기부여이론 ················································································ 97
1) Abraham H. Maslow의 욕구계층제 모델 _ 97
2) Clayton Alderfer의 변형된 욕구계층제 _ 98
3) Frederick I. Herzberg의 2요인이론 _ 99
4) David McClelland의 성취동기이론 _ 100
5) Chris Argyris의 성숙-미성숙이론 _ 100
3. 집단과 리더십 ············································································ 102
1) 성격특성이론 _ 103
2) 리더의 행동이론 _ 103
3) 리더십의 상황이론 _ 106
4) 변혁적 리더십 이론 _ 107
4. 권력과 갈등관리 ········································································ 108
5. 의사전달 ······················································································ 111
제3절 조직의 거시적 차원 111
1. 조직구조의 요소와 유형 ··························································· 111
1) 집권과 분권 _ 112
2) 계선과 참모 _ 113
3) 공식조직과 비공식조직 _ 114
4) 위원회 조직 _ 115
5) 동태적인 조직 _ 115
2. 조직의 목표와 효과성 ······························································ 117
3. 조직문화와 조직혁신 ································································ 118
제4절 관료제와 포스트 관료제 121
1. 관료제의 관리 및 원리 ····························································· 121
1) 계층제의 원리 _ 122
2) 통솔범위의 원리 _ 122
3) 명령통일의 원리 _ 122
4) 분업 . 전문화의 원리 _ 123
5) 조정의 원리 _ 123
2. 초기 관료제론 ············································································ 123
3. 포스트 관료제론 ········································································ 126

제4장 인사행정론
제1절 인사행정의 의의와 특성 134
제2절 인사행정의 체계와 제도 137
1. 우리나라 인사행정의 법적 기반 ············································· 137
2. 중앙 및 지방의 인사행정기관 ················································· 139
3. 한국의 공무원, 규모와 유형 ···················································· 140
제3절 인사행정의 기본 가치와 공직유형 · 142
1. 엽관제와 실적제 ········································································ 142
2. 대표관료제와 현대적 변용 ······················································· 146
3. 직업공무원제 ·············································································· 149
4. 계급제와 직위분류제 ································································ 151
제4절 인사행정의 과정 152
1. 인적자원의 확보: 모집, 신규 채용 ········································· 152
2. 공무원 채용시험 ········································································ 155
3. 내부임용 ····················································································· 157
4. 능력발전과 교육훈련 ································································ 160
5. 공무원에 대한 평가 ································································ 162
6. 보상 체계: 보수, 연금 ······························································ 164
1) 공무원의 보수 _ 165
2) 공무원 연금 _ 168
제5절 공무원의 책임과 노동조합 170
1. 책임 체계: 규범, 징계, 구제 ··················································· 170
2. 공무원의 사회적 책임 확보를 위한 제도 ······························ 173
3. 공무원 노동조합 ········································································ 176

제5장 재무행정론
제1절 재무행정의 의의와 특성 184
1. 재정의 의의 ················································································ 184
2. 재정의 3대 기능 ········································································ 185
1) 자원의 효율적 배분 _ 185
2) 소득의 재분배 _ 187
3) 경제의 안정화 _ 188
제2절 예산의 개념과 원칙 189
1. 예산의 개념 ················································································ 189
1) 재정과 예산 _ 189
2) 회계연도 _ 190
2. 예산의 원칙 ················································································ 190
1) 사전 의결의 원칙 _ 190
2) 완전성의 원칙 _ 190
3) 한정성의 원칙 _ 192
4) 단일성의 원칙 _ 194
5) 통일성의 원칙 _ 194
6) 공개성의 원칙 _ 194
제3절 예산의 종류 · 195
1. 일반회계 예산과 특별회계 예산, 기금 ··································· 195
2. 예산의 총계 . 순계와 통합재정 ················································ 197
3. 예산의 구분과 과목 ·································································· 199
4. 예산의 분류 ················································································ 200
5. 조세지출과 조세지출예산 ························································· 201
제4절 예산의 불성립과 변경 202
1. 본예산 ·························································································· 202
2. 예산의 불성립 ············································································ 202
3. 예산의 변경 ················································································ 203
제5절 예산과정과 결산 204
1. 예산결정이론 ·············································································· 204
2. 예산 편성 ···················································································· 205
3. 예산 심의 ···················································································· 206
4. 예산 집행 ··················································································· 208
5. 결산과 감사 ················································································ 209
제6절 정부회계와 조세행정 211
1. 정부회계 ···················································································· 211
2. 조세 체계 ···················································································· 212
1) 국세와 지방세 _ 212
2) 직접세와 간접세 _ 212
3) 보통세와 목적세 _ 213
4) 종가세와 종량세 _ 213

제6장 정책이론
제1절 정책이론의 기초 개념 218
1. 정책의 의미와 필요성 ······························································· 218
1) 정책의 개념 _ 218
2) 정책의 분류 _ 218
3) 정책 참여자 _ 219
4) 정책 네트워크 _ 220
2. 정책과정 ····················································································· 221
제2절 정책의제 설정 222
1. 개념 ····························································································· 222
2. 정책의제 설정 모형 ·································································· 222
1) 외부주도모형 _ 223
2) 동원모형 _ 223
3) 내부접근모형 _ 223
3. 권력구조 이론 ············································································ 223
1) 엘리트론 _ 224
2) 다원주의론 _ 224
3) 무의사결정론 _ 224
4) 이익집단정치론 _ 225
제3절 정책결정 225
1. 개념 ····························································································· 225
2. 정책결정 이론 ············································································ 226
1) 합리모형 _ 226
2) 만족모형 _ 226
3) 점증주의모형 _ 227
4) 혼합탐사모형 _ 227
5) 최적모형 _ 228
6) 쓰레기통모형 _ 228
7) 엘리슨모형 _ 229
제4절 정책집행 229
1. 개념 ····························································································· 229
1) 고전적 정책집행의 관점 _ 229
2) 현대적 정책집행의 관점 _ 230
2. 정책집행의 접근방법 ································································ 231
1) 하향식 접근방법 _ 231
2) 상향식 접근방법 _ 231
3) 통합식 접근방법 _ 232
제5절 정책평가 233
1. 개념 ····························································································· 233
1) 정책평가의 기준 _ 233
2) 정책평가의 시기와 목적 _ 234
2. 정책평가의 방법 ········································································ 235
1) 질적 방법 _ 235
2) 양적 방법 _ 235
3) 요약 _ 236
제6절 AI 시대의 정책 237
1. 정책에서 AI의 활용 ··································································· 237
2. 정책에서 AI 활용의 위험성 ····················································· 237
3. AI의 위험성에 대한 대응책 ····················································· 238

제7장 지방행정론
제1절 지방자치의 기초 이론 244
1. 지방자치의 개념과 구성요소 ··················································· 244
1) 개념 _ 244
2) 지방자치의 구성요소 _ 245
2. 지방자치의 가치와 문제점 ······················································· 245
1) 지방자치의 가치 _ 245
2) 지방자치의 문제점 _ 246
제2절 지방자치단체와 자치권 247
1. 지방자치단체의 종류 및 계층 ················································· 247
1) 지방자치단체의 개념과 특성 _ 247
2) 지방자치단체의 종류 _ 248
3) 지방자치단체의 계층 _ 248
2. 지방 자치권 ················································································ 250
1) 의미 _ 250
2) 자치입법권 _ 251
3) 자치행정권 _ 251
3. 사무배분 ····················································································· 252
1) 지방자치단체의 사무 _ 252
2) 중앙과 지방 간의 사무배분 _ 253
제3절 주민참여 254
1. 주민참여의 개념 ········································································ 254
1) 주민참여의 의미 _ 254
2) 주민참여의 필요성 _ 255
3) 주민참여의 한계 _ 256
2. 주민참여제도 ·············································································· 256
1) 주민 협력적 참여수단 _ 256
2) 주민 감시적 참여수단 _ 257
3) 주민 권력적 참여수단 _ 257
제4절 지방의회와 집행기관 258
1. 지방자치단체의 기관구성 형태 ··············································· 258
1) 기관통합형 _ 258
2) 기관대립형 _ 259
2. 지방의회 ····················································································· 260
1) 지방의회의 지위와 권한 _ 260
2) 지방의원의 신분과 의무 _ 260
3) 지방의회의 조직과 운영 _ 261
3. 집행기관(지방자치단체장) ························································ 262
1) 집행기관의 의미 _ 262
2) 지방자치단체장의 권한 _ 262
3) 보조기관과 하부 기관 _ 263
4) 지방교육자치 _ 264
4. 지방의회와 집행기관에 대한 통제 ········································· 264
1) 의미 _ 264
2) 지방의회에 대한 통제 _ 265
3) 지방자치단체장에 대한 통제 _ 265
제5절 지방재정 266
1. 지방재정의 의미 ········································································ 266
1) 지방재정의 개념과 특징 _ 266
2) 재정분권 _ 267
2. 지방세와 세외수입 ···································································· 267
1) 지방세입의 의미 _ 267
2) 지방세 _ 268
3) 세외수입 _ 268
4) 지방채 _ 269
3. 정부간 재정조정제도 ································································ 269
1) 정부간 재정조정의 의미 _ 269
2) 지방교부세 _ 270
3) 국고보조금 _ 270
4. 지방정부 예산에의 주민참여 ··················································· 271
1) 재정 민주주의 _ 271
2) 주민참여 예산제도 _ 271
제6절 광역행정과 행정구역 개편 272
1. 광역행정 ······················································································ 272
1) 개념과 필요성 _ 272
2) 광역행정의 방법 _ 273
3) 광역행정의 한계 _ 273
2. 행정구역 개편 ············································································ 274
1) 행정구역 설정의 기준 _ 274
2) 행정구역 개편 방식과 사례 _ 275

제8장 디지털행정론
제1절 디지털 행정의 등장과 의의 280
1. 디지털 행정의 의미와 필요성 ················································· 280
2. 정보통신기술의 발전 ································································ 281
3. 행정환경의 변화와 정보통신정책 ··········································· 284
제2절 전자정부 285
1. 전자정부의 개념과 전자정부 평가(UN) ································· 285
2. 전자정부 성과와 행정혁신 ····················································· 287
3. 전자정부와 시민참여 ······························································ 291
제3절 디지털정부 293
1. 디지털 전환 ················································································ 293
2. 디지털정부로의 변화 ······························································ 294
3. 데이터 기반행정과 애자일 거버먼트(Agile Government) ···· 297
4. 미래정부의 모습 ······································································ 300
5. 인공지능정부의 등장 ································································ 302

제9장 문화행정론
제1절 문화의 개념 및 특성 310
1. 문화의 개념 ················································································ 310
2. 문화와 국가의 관계 ·································································· 311
3. 문화에 대한 국가 개입의 필요성 ··········································· 312
4. 문화행정의 한계와 기본 원칙 ················································· 313
제2절 문화행정조직의 유형 및 변천 315
1. 문화행정조직의 유형 ································································· 315
1) 독립부처형 _ 316
2) 분산부처형 _ 316
3) 통합부처형 _ 317
4) 부처 관할 위원회형 _ 317
5) 완전독립 위원회형 _ 318
2. 한국의 문화행정조직 ································································ 318
1) 문화체육관광부의 역사적 변천 _ 319
2) 국가유산청의 역사적 변천 _ 320
제3절 문화행정 관련 주요 법규 322
1. 문화예술진흥법과 문화의 공공성 ·········································· 322
2. 문화산업진흥기본법과 문화산업 관리 기능 ·························· 323
3. 문화기본법과 국민의 문화권 ··················································· 324
4. 지역문화진흥법과 문화행정의 분권화 ··································· 326
5. 국가유산기본법과 국가유산 관리 패러다임의 변화 ············· 327
제4절 K-문화 확산과 문화행정 327
1. 한국문화원: 문화외교의 거점 ·················································· 328
2. 세종학당: 한국어 교육의 중심 ················································ 328
3. 한국콘텐츠진흥원 해외 비즈니스센터
: 문화산업의 글로벌화 핵심 ···················································· 330

제10장 행정책임과 통제, 개혁
제1절 행정신뢰 336
1. 행정신뢰의 본질과 속성 ··························································· 336
2. 행정신뢰의 결정요인 ································································ 337
3. 행정윤리 ·················································································· 339
제2절 행정책임 340
1. 행정책임의 본질과 속성 ··························································· 340
2. 행정책임과 기준 ········································································ 341
제3절 부정부패와 행정통제 343
1. 부정부패의 의의 ········································································ 343
2. 부정부패의 통제 ········································································ 346
1) 법제도적인 통제 _ 346
2) 부패기회와 동기를 감소 _ 346
3) 부패이미지 개선 _ 347
3. 행정통제와 모형 ········································································ 349
1) 행정통제의 의의 _ 349
2) 행정통제의 모형 _ 350
4. 행정통제의 유형 ········································································ 353
제4절 행정개혁 355
1. 행정개혁과 특징 ········································································ 355
1) 행정개혁의 의의 _ 355
2) 행정개혁의 특징 _ 356
2. 행정개혁의 접근방법과 과정 ··················································· 358
3. 행정개혁의 저항과 극복방안 ··················································· 360
4. 주요국의 행정개혁 동향 ·························································· 361
1) 미국의 행정개혁 _ 361
2) 일본의 행정개혁 _ 362
5. 한국의 행정개혁과 과제 ··························································· 364
1) 행정개혁의 변천 _ 364
2) 행정개혁의 필요성 _ 367
3) 행정개혁의 방향과 혁신과제 _ 369
색인 379