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1784 : Yi Sang-hun is baptized in Beijing
CHRISTIANITY ARRIVES 1871 : First photographs taken in Korea THE PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGES 1881 : The first group of Korean students goes abroad to learn modern technology THE QUEST FOR KNOWLEDGE 1882 : Telephones imported ELECTRIC TALK 1883 : Hans?ng sunbo founded THE NEWS IS OUT 1884 : Rickshaws introduced into Seoul SEOUL ON WHEELS 1884 : The first phonograph is brought to Korea THE SOUND OF MUSIC 1885 : The first Western hospital opens in Korea A DOSE OF WESTERN MEDICINE 1885 : Electric lighting installed in the royal palace LET THERE BE LIGHTS 1886 : The Ewha School is established A WOMAN'S PLACE IS AT SCHOOL 1894 : Gentry privileges abolished THE FALL AND RISE OF THE KOREAN GENTRY 1896 : The western calendar made obligatory THE NEW ERA 1897 : Independence Gate completed ARCH OF UNCERTAIN TRIUMPH 1897 : The Hans?ng Bank is founded OF DONKEYS AND BANKLOANS 1899 : The Seoul-Incheon railway is opened THE IRON HORSE 1899 : Tram services begin in Seoul THE ROYAL TRAM 1900 : The first foreign-educated female Korean doctor returns home THE ESTER PAK STORY 1901 : The first automobile enters Seoul PEDAL TO THE METAL 1902 : Ms. Sontag's hotel opens in Seoul OF HOTELS AND COFFEE SHOPS The 1900s : Western-style spectacles win popularity LOOKING BACK AT EYEGLASSES! 1903 : Korean migrants arrive in the US COMING TO AMERICA 1905 : The Tongdaemun Market opens GREAT MARKETS 1907 : The Korean Crown Prince leaves for Japan A RIGHT ROYAL TIME 1908 : Korean opera or ch'angg?k is born THEATER STEPS INTO THE LIMELIGHT 1908 : Seoul acquires a modern water supply MODERNITY ON TAP 1911 : First census held BUSY BODIES 1912 : Taxi service established HAILING A CAB 1915 : Traffic rules introduced RIGHT IS RIGHT? 1917 : The Indogyo Bridge completed CROSSING THE RIVER 1921 : The last tiger killed in South Korea THE DEMISE OF THE MIGHTY BEAST 1921 : State monopoly on tobacco introduced PIPES IN A SMOKER'S PARADISE 1922 : An Ch'ang-nam's demonstration flights over Yo?ido Island TALES OF AN OLD AIRPORT 1922 : Women granted permission to teach in primary schools WOMEN OBTAIN PAID WORK 1920s : The practice of early marriage declines TODDLER BRIDES 1924 : First public bathhouse opens THE CHANCE TO BATHE 1920s : Study in Japan booms A TRAINING GROUND FOR REVOLUTIONARIES 1925 : Kwon Ki-?k graduates from the Chinese Air Force Academy PIONEERING FEMALE AVIATORS 1925 : New Seoul railway station built AN HISTORIC LANDMARK 1925 : The Grill opens at the Seoul railway station LEARNING TO EAT OUT 1926 : Singer Yun Sim-d?k commits suicide THE TRAGIC SINGER 1926 : Arirang becomes the first ever Korean blockbuster THE LONG ROAD FROM ARIRANG 1920s : "New women" bring trouble to traditional families MAN AND WIFE AND A CONCUBINE TOO 1927 : JODK begins radio broadcasts from Seoul RADIO MAKES WAVES 1928 : Seoul acquires a regular bus service "ORAI!" TAKE OFF! 1920s : Courtesans lose their prominence KISAENG GOODBYE TO THE PAST 1935 : Christians oppose obligatory Emperor Worship A NEW GOD 1936 : Son Ki-ch?ng wins a gold medal in the Olympic marathon LONG DISTANCE HERO 1930s : The decline in the tradition of mock-kidnapping widows PLAYING POSSAM TO GET A WIFE 1937 : Hwasin Department Store opens its new premises TEMPLES OF CONSUMPTION 1939 : The Governor General moves into a new residence HOUSE WITH A BLUE ROOF 1946 : Seoul National University established SEAT OF LEARNING 1948 : The Republic of Korea (or Taehan Minguk) officially proclaimed in Seoul IN THE NAME OF.... 1948 : Prostitution outlawed RED LIGHTS CONTINUE TO SHINE 1948 : Official recognition for the Korean anthem AUTHOR UNKNOWN 1948 : The Republic of China and Seoul establish diplomatic relations RISE AND FALL OF THE CHINESE COMMUNITY 1950 : "Ch'ils?ng Saida" begins production in Seoul MIXING ONE'S DRINKS 1950 : Bank of Korea introduces new Korean banknotes PAPER CAPERS 1952 : Kia begins producing bicycles BIKES LOSE THEIR BUZZ 1950s : Large quantities of US wheat shipped to Korea BREAD ARRIVES 1954 : The first on-screen kiss A KISS IS JUST A KISS? 1954 : A KNA plane departs for Taibei FLYING HIGH 1955 : American families adopt Korean babies INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION BEGINS 1950s and 1960s : A modern outlook on 'connections' CLIMBING THE LADDER 1955 : Automobile production begins in Korea WHEELS FOR KOREA AND THE WORLD 1957 : Publication sponsors first nationwide beauty contest BEAUTY VS. BEAUTY 1950s : Turks establish mosques in Korea ISLAM TAKES ROOT 1961 : Korean Family Planning Association is founded '3-3-35' A MOST DESIRABLE FIGURE 1962 : Motion Picture Law adopted FROM MELODRAMA TO THE SECOND GOLDEN AGE 1964 : Foreign trade volume reaches $100 million EXPORT OR PERISH 1960s : The growth of deep-sea fishing SOMETHING FISHY 1964 : The Map'o flats completed APARTMENTS AND MORE APARTMENTS 1960s : the growth of milk consumption MILK BY THE GLASS 1965 : LG begins production of refrigerators FRIDGES FOR ALL 1967 : The Korean government procures computers from the US and Japan COMPUTING POWER PROGRESS 1968 : POSCO Steel is founded STEELING UP FOR SUCCESS 1969 : Middle and high school entrance examinations abolished ONE HELL ELIMINATED 1969 : First high-rise building constructed CREATING THE SEOUL SKYLINE 1970s : New heating systems introduced FLOORSHOW 1970 : Seoul-Pusan expressway opens to traffic EXPRESSWAYS FOR OXCARTS? 1970s : the era of Japanese tourism TOURISM TAKES OFF 1970 : Chongno bookstore opens BOOKSTORES GO UP-MARKET 1970s : Policy to reduce food consumption is introduced HAVING YOUR (RICE) CAKE AND EATING IT TOO 1977 : Coffee vending machines introduced in Seoul THE COFFEE GROUNDS 1978 : First nuclear power plant switched on GETTING ENERGETIC WITH NUCLEAR POWER mid-1970s : Campaign against long hair launched OBLIGATORY HAIRCUT 1970-80s: Arranged marriages slide in popularity but survive ON LOVE AND MATCHMAKING 1980 : Seoul's population reaches 10 million SEOUL IS THE SOUL 1982 : Night curfew lifted LIGHTS OFF, LIGHTS ON 1984 : Commercial mobile phone network is introduced A POPULATION ALWAYS IN TOUCH 1985 : First known case of AIDS involving a Korean BATTLING THE SCOURGE 1980s : Steady decline in rice consumption RICE FALLS BY THE WAYSIDE 1988 : Seoul Olympics CLIMBING MT. OLYMPUS 1989 : The frequency of traffic incidents reaches its peak AS MUCH AS THE TRAFFIC WILL BEAR 1990s : The fertility rate nose-dives AGING GRACEFULLY? 1994 : Legislation against pre-natal sex-determination introduced GIRLS VS BOYS 1990s : Perception of Korean sex culture redefined dramatically NO SEX PLEASE, WE ARE KOREANS 1990s : Foreign workers arrive in increasing numbers A DIVISION OF LABOUR LITERATURE |
Andrei Lankov
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격동의 시대, 근대 한국에 대한 한 이방인의 흥미로운 탐사기
1897년 한국 최초의 근대적 은행이 처음으로 대출을 기록했는데, 이 대출금의 담보물은 채무자의 전 재산이자 유일한 재물인 당나귀였다. 이 별난 대출은 채무자가 제때에 상환함으로써 무사히 마무리 되었으나 해당 은행의 행원들은 며칠 동안 이 번거로운 ‘담보물’을 보살피는 노고를 감수해야 했다. 지금 생각하면 우습기만 한 이 이야기는 고작 110년 전에 벌어진 실화이다. 20세기는 세계 각국 모두 거대한 변화의 시기였다. 그러나 그 어느 곳도 한국처럼 드라마틱한 움직임을 보인 곳은 없다. 한국은 약 150년이라는 짧은 세월 속에 이러한 다양한 사건들을 겪으며 크게 변화했다. 근대화의 시기에 한국은 이처럼 경제적 발전과 더불어 사회적, 문화적 격변을 겪었다. 지금은 당연하게만 생각되는 문명의 이기들 역시 처음 이 나라에 소개되었을 당시에는 혼란과 갈등을 겪었다. 1960년대 초 한국은 ‘개발도상국’이었고, 이 그룹에 대한 일반적인 기준에서 볼 때 그다지 가능성이 있어보이지도 않았다. 1인당 GNP는 파푸아뉴기니나 나이지리아와 비슷한 수준이었다. 하지만 현재에 이르러서는 유럽의 선진국과 비교해도 뒤쳐지지 않을 만큼 성장했다. 오늘날 도로 곳곳에 자동차가 가득하지만 한국에서 자동차의 대량생산은 1970년대에 들어서야 시작되었다. 한국은 인터넷 인프라 등 IT 분야에서도 따를 자가 없는 리더이다. 그러나 1980년 한국에는 칼라 TV를 송출하는 방송국 하나 없었다. 1945년까지 전 국민의 4분의 1 이상이 정규교육을 받지 못했으나, 현재 한국의 교육열은 세계 최고 수준이며 수많은 대학에서 졸업생을 배출하고 있다. 물론 한국보다 부유한 나라는 많다. 그러나 대부분의 경우 그들의 현재 부는 오랜 세월에 걸친 경제적 성장을 통해 이룬 것이다. 세계에서 손꼽히는 부국들의 목록을 작성한다면 1900년대 이후로 큰 변화가 없을 것이며, 대부분의 개발도상국의 경우 ‘개발도상국(developing country)’이라는 표현은 ‘후진국’ 혹은 ‘빈국(貧國)’을 예의바르게 표현한 것에 지나지 않는다. 극히 소수의 국가들만이 가난과 억압에서 벗어났으며, 그조차도 한국이 보여준 놀라운 속도와 효율과는 비교할 수 없을 정도이다. 처음 서울에 전차가 운행된 것은 1899년. 당시만 해도 전체 전차의 수는 겨우 9대뿐이었다. 택시 사업은 1920년에야 비로소 시작되었으며, 1930년대까지 서울 시내에도 서구식 레스토랑은 찾아보기 힘들었다. 유일한 서구식 레스토랑이라 할 만한 ‘그릴The Grill’에는 많은 실업가와 정치인, 심지어 대통령들까지 자주 발걸음을 하곤 했다. 그러나 오늘날 한국의 모습은 겨우 몇 십 년 전과 비교할 수도 없을 만큼 비약적으로 발전했다. |