I: Introduction; Introduction; 2: Basic Neuroanatomy for the Nonspecialist; II: Principles and Regularities of Neural Development; Myelination and Behavioral Development: A Comparative Perspective on Questions of Neoteny, Altnciality and Intelligence; Brain, Behavior, and Developmental Genetics; 5: Nutritional and Environmental Interactions in Brain Development; 6: Environmental Influences on the Young Brain; III: Primate and Human Behavioral Development from a Biosocial Perspective; 7: Frontal Lobe Involvement in Cognitive Changes During the First Year of Life; 8: Universais of Behavioral Development in Relation to Brain Myelination; Developmental Transitions of Cognitive Functioning in Rural Kenya and Metropolitan America; 10: Cognitive Changes at Adolescence: Biological Perspectives; 11: Assessment of Brain Functioning in Individuals at Biosocial Risk: Examples from Alcoholic Families; IV: Biosocial Sciences and the Neurology of Language; 12: Levels of Structure in a Communication System Developed without a Language Model; Some Structural and Developmental Correlates of Human Speech; Neurobiology of Cognitive and Language Processing: Effects of Early Experience