I INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction II CHILD ABUSE: CROSS-CULTURAL, HISTORICAL, AND EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES 2 What to Learn from Cross-Cultural and Historical Research on Child Abuse and Neglect: An Overview 3 Child Maltreatment in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Vulnerable Children and Circumstances 4 Neglect, Abuse, and Avoidable Death: Parental Investment and the Mortality of Infants and Children in the European Tradition III EXPLAINING CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT 5 Sex-Biased Parental Investment among Primates and Other Mammals: A Critical Evaluation of The Trivers-Willard Hypothesis 6 Child Abuse: A Comparative Psychobiological Perspective 7 External and Internal Influences on Aggression in Captive Group-Living Monkeys 9 Risk of Maltreatment of Children Living with Stepparents 10 Time, Place, and Parental Awareness: A Cognitive-Developmental Perspective on Family Adaptation and Parental Care IV OUTCOMES AND CONSEQUENCES OF MALTREATMENT Children as Homicide Victims 11 Intergenerational Continuity of Abuse 12 The Sequelae of Child Maltreatment 13 The Consequences of Child Maltreatment: Biosocial and Ecological Issue