List of Figures

Acknowledgements

List of abbreviations

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Ethnomorality of care: theoretical framework

What is care? From the existing approaches to ethnomorality of care

Inner diversity of care

Care in relationships

Process and agency in care

Local contexts and cultures of care

Care as a morally-informed concept

Care - migration nexus

Long distance care provision and emotional care

Delegation of care tasks and coordination of care activities

Cultural differences between the place of origin and the migration destination

Ethnomorality of care

Towards an emic definition of care

Conclusions ? care-contact continuum

Chapter 3: How to study ethnomorality of care? Research methodology

Multi-sited transnational research

Mixed-method research

Monographic study of Kluczbork and Ko?skie

Quantitative components of the research

Ethnographies of local care regimes

Researching care through in-depth interviews

Recruiting interviewees from Kluczbork and Ko?skie in the UK

Benefits and challenges of matched sample in research on transnational families

Data analysis

Ethical issues in researching elderly care

Chapter 4: Main actors of care and local care regimes in two studied locations

Care actors

Polish care regime

Local care regimes

Family

Public institutions

Market

Third sector

Informal non-familial individuals

Transnationalization of local care regimes

Conclusions

Chapter 5: Care as a part of moral beliefs on old age

Norms as a part of the Polish care culture

Normative beliefs on care for the elderly people in the two towns

Normative discourse on care in the old age

Values as a basis of beliefs on family care provision…

…and its morally justified limitations

Beliefs on the quality of institutional care provision

Moral dilemmas regarding the financing and organization of institutional care

Migration-driven changes in beliefs on care

The place of caregiving in the normative beliefs on the old age

Conclusions

Chapter 6: Care intentions ? envisaging elderly care

Declarations of care commitment

Excuses and justifications

Local siblings as default caregivers

The moral equation of care

Resentment

Appeals to migrants’ well-being

Appeals to parents’ well-being

Appeal to the good quality of institutional care

"Whatever will be, will be" and wishful thinking (performatives)

Conclusions

Chapter 7: Typology of care arrangements

Limited care

Emotional support

Material support: emotional gifts

Material support: instrumental gifts

Financial support

Personal assistance

Loose network of care

Sociability in later life

Networks of "latent" actors

Collaboration, division of tasks and coordination within networks

Dense network of care

Health condition, intermediary types and type-switching

Diversity of dense networks of care

Role of public in-home care services in the networks of care

Principal care provider

Familial principal care provider

Every day of frailty

Health condition ? diseases, frailty and suffering

Daily care tasks

The experience of hands-on daily care

Engagement of other social actors

Migrants in families of frail and dying parents

Institutional principal care provider

Nursing home as a shelter

Nursing home as a social milieu

Coordination within the institution

The role of family and close non-familial individuals

Conclusions

Chapter 8: Adding a temporal dimension: Care sequences and flows

Care sequences

Intensification of care arrangement

The same care arrangement in spite of higher levels of dependency

Reduced or less complex care

Occasional intensification of care arrangement

Seasonal sequence of care arrangements

Care flows

Personal care provided by the elder adults

Personal care provided for the grandchildren abroad

Personal care for an adult child

Material care provided by the elder adults

Financial care provided by the elder adults

Emotional care provided by the elder adults

Conclusions

Chapter 9: Ethnomoralities of care ? Conclusions

From ethnomorality to ethnomoralities

Regional differences in the ethnomoralities of care

Socio-economic differences in the ethnomoralities of care

Gender differences in the ethnomoralities of care

Ethnomoralities of care and intergenerational solidarity in the families

Application of ethnomorality of care perspective in future research

Future: Brexit and the elderly care in transnational Polish families

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