Unit 1 The First Humans: Prehistory-3500 BCE 1
1. The First Humans and the Paleolithic Era 3
2. The Neolithic Period 17
Unit 2 First Civilizations: 4500 BCE-300 CE 31
3. Mesopotamia 32
4. Ancient Africa 43
5. The Phoenicians and the Israelites 67
6. Ancient India 75
7. Ancient China 92
8. Ancient Greece 107
9. Ancient Rome 128
Unit 3 The Middle Ages: 476 CE-1500 CE 147
10. The Byzantine Empire 148
11. The Rise of Islam in the Middle Ages 153
12. Early Civilizations of the Americas 161
13. The Golden Age of China 171
14. Medieval Japan 179
15. The Mongol Empire 187
16. Medieval India 196
17. Europe in the Middle Ages 203
18. The European Crusades in the Muslim World 215
Unit 4 Renaissance and Reformation: 14th century CE-17th century CE 223
19. The Renaissance Begins 224
20. The Reformation 234
Unit 5 The Age of European Exploration: 1400-1800 245
21. Europe Sets Sail 246
22. Europe Trades with Asia (or Tries to) 266
23. European Colonies in the Americas 273
Unit 6 Revolution and Enlightenment 1543-1865 289
24. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment 290
25. Monarchies Rise in Europe 301
26. The American Revolution 311
27. The French Revolution 323
28. Nationalism Across Europe and Independence Movements in South America and Haiti 333
29. The American Civil War 343
30. The Industrial Revolution 355
31. The Women's Movement 368
Unit 7 The Era of Imperialism: 1800-1914 373
32. European Imperialism 374
33. Europeans Scramble to Colonize Africa 383
34. Japan Modernizes 391
35. The Spanish-American War 399
36. Resistance to Colonization 407
Unit 8 World Conflicts in the Early 20th Century: 1914-1945 419
37. World War I 420
38. The Great Depression 441
39. Political Shifts After the War 447
40. World War II 459
Unit 9 Post-World War II: The World from 1945 to Today 483
41. Changes in Europe and the Middle East After World War II 484
42. The Cold War 495
43. Nationalist and Independence Movements After World War II 511
44. Modern Global Transformations 521
45. Climate Change and Major World Events 536
Index 547