Table of Contents

1 ? Introduction *

2 ? A new constitutional moment *

Constitutional equilibrium *

Digital revolution *

Power over digital lives *

Orwellian nightmares *

New rulers *

Digital rights *

Enhanced freedoms *

Higher risks *

Constitutional change *

3 ? Constitutional counteractions *

Targeted transformations *

Four examples *

Right to digital information *

Due process online *

Right to Internet access *

Data protection *

Uneven elaboration *

4 ? Norms beyond the state *

A functional approach *

Constitutions and declarations *

Constitutional charters *

Limits of constitutions *

Internet bills of rights *

Public and private legislators *

Advantages of ordinary law *

Some examples *

Lex digitalis *

Lex Facebook *

Code as a constitution *

Courts and arbitrators *

National and supranational courts *

Private arbiters *

ICANN’s arbitrators *

5 ? The constitutionalisation of the digital society *

Constitutional pluralism *

The age of globalisation *

Multilevel theory *

Double reflexivity *

A single phenomenon *

Plurality and fragmentation *

Progressive translation *

Societal input *

6 ? Digital constitutionalism *

Constitutionalism vs constitutionalisation *

The values of constitutionalism *

Constitutionalism in the digital age *

A new constitutionalism? *

7 ? Towards an Internet Constitution? *

‘Bytes can never hurt me’ *

The end of innocence *

A constitution for the Internet *

Lessig: The constitution in the Internet *

Teubner: Civil constitutions *

Pernice: The constitution of the Internet society *

Rodota: A charter of rights for the Internet *

Following Rodota’s model *

Internet bills of rights *

Constitutional tone *

Limited scholarship *

A constitutional role? *

Datasets *

8 ? The force of declarations *

Proto-constitutional discourses *

Experimentalism *

Communicability *

Gradualism *

Compensation and stimulation *

9 ? Understanding the digital society *

A new law of the horse? *

Litmus test *

A complex delimitation *

What is really ‘the Internet’? *

Datasets *

Institutions *

Reasons *

Relations *

Future-proof norms *

10 ? Empowering global people *

Universal reach *

Restricting private power *

An enlarged social contract *

Participatory deliberation *

Theoretical models *

Individuals *

Civil society *

National parliaments *

International organisations *

Global multi-stakeholder forums *

A new constituent power *

11 ? Translating fundamental rights *

An aerial view *

Common roots *

Human dignity *

Life, liberty and security *

Protection of children and disabled people *

Right to a healthy environment *

Economic freedom *

Online as offline *

Freedom of expression *

Freedom and secrecy of correspondence *

Freedom of association and assembly *

Generalisation and re-specification *

Non-discrimination *

Right to privacy *

Due process *

12 ? Constitutional innovation *

New rights *

Data protection *

E-democracy *

Internet access *

A right to a digital forum *

Public service value *

Responsibilities *

Governance *

13 ? Conclusion *

Contrasting constitutional anaemia *

The legacy of Internet bills of rights *

Challenges of digital constitutionalism *

Appendix A *

Bibliography *

Books and journal articles *

Index *