Foreword xi
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon of the United Nations
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
1. Introduction to Sustainable Development 1
I What Is Sustainable Development? 1
II An Introduction to Economic Growth 14
III Continuing Poverty in the Midst of Plenty 27
IV Global Environmental Threats Caused by Economic Development 34
v Pathways to Sustainable Development 42
2. An Unequal World 45
I Incomes Around the World 45
II Urban-Rural Inequality 50
III Income Inequality Within Countries 55
IV Measuring Wellbeing 60
V Convergence or Divergence? 66
3. A Brief History of Economic Development 71
I The Age of Modern Economic Growth 71
II The Industrial Revolution Begins in England 74
III The Great Waves of Technological Change 79
IV The Diffusion of Economic Growth 86
V Economic Development Since World War II: The Making of Globalization 92
4. Why Some Countries Developed While Others Stayed Poor 101
I The Idea of Clinical Economics 101
II A Further Look at Geography-Transport, Energy, Disease, and Crops 109
III The Role of Culture-Demography, Education, and Gender 121
IV The Role of Politics 129
V Which Countries Are Still Stuck in Poverty? 135
5. Ending Extreme Poverty 139
I The Reasons to Believe That Extreme Poverty Can Be Ended 139
II Strategies to End Extreme Poverty 149
III South Asia-the Continuing Challenge of Food Supply 159
IV A Closer Look at Official Development Assistance 171
V Designing Practical Interventions-the Case of the Millennium Villages 175
6. Planetary Boundaries 181
I Planetary Boundaries 182
II Growth Dynamics 194
III The Case of Energy 200
IV The Case of Food 204
V Population Dynamics and Sustainable Development 208
VI Economic Growth Within Planetary Boundaries 214
7. Social Inclusion 219
I The Ethics of Wealth, Poverty, and Inequality 219
II United Nations Declarations, Covenants, and the MDGs 228
III Divided Societies 232
IV Forces of Widening Inequalities 239
V Gender Inequality 244
8. Education For All 251
I Life Cycle Approach to Human Development 251
II Early Childhood Development 256
III The Rising Returns of Education and the Supply Response 263
IV Social Mobility 267
V The Role of Higher Education in Technological Advance 271
9. Health For All 275
I Universal Health Coverage 275
II Poverty and Disease 287
III Designing and Financing Primary Health Systems in Low-Income Countries 295
IV Ten Recommended Steps to Health for All in the Poorest Countries 301
V The Continuing Challenges of Health Coverage in the High-Income Countries 305
10. Food Security 317
I Sustainable Food Supply and the End of Hunger 317
II Farm Systems, Ecology, and Food Security 327
III How Environmental Change Threatens the Food System 334
IV How the Food System Threatens the Environment 338
V Toward a Sustainable Global Food Supply 347
11. Resilient Cities 355
I The Patterns of Urbanization Around the World 355
II What Makes a City Sustainable, Green, and Resilient? 366
III Smart Infrastructure 369
IV Urban Resilience 378
V Planning Sustainable Development 385
12. Climate Change 393
I The Basic Science of Climate Change 393
II The Consequences of Human-Induced Climate Change 406
III Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Limit Global Warming to Two Degrees Celsius 414
IV Adaptation 433
V The Politics of Carbon Dioxide Mitigation 440
13. Saving Biodiversity and Protecting Ecosystem Services 447
I What Is Biodiversity? 447
II Biodiversity Under Threat 453
III Oceans and Fisheries 459
IV Deforestation 469
V International Dynamics 474
14. Sustainable Development Goals 481
I The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 481
II Goal-Based Development 489
III Financing for Sustainable Development 496
IV Principles of Good Governance 502
V Is Sustainable Development Feasible? 505
Bibliography 513
Index 521