Chapter 1: The Monte Carlo Method and Its Applications to Heavily Charged Particle Therapy. Chapter 2: Applications of Monte Carlo Calculations in Clinical Dosimetry of Proton and Ion Beams. Chapter 3: Solving Range Uncertainties with Gamma Prompt/Charged Particle Prompt. Chapter 4: Macroscopic and microscopic calculation approaches for LET calculations. Chapter 5: Low energy inelastic process in hadrontherapy. Chapter 6: Experimental Data of Nuclear Fragmentation for Validating Monte Carlo Modes: Present Availability and Lacks. Chapter 7: Quality assurance in particle therapy with PET. Chapter 8: Radioactive beams for ion therapy: Monte Carlo simulations and experimental verifications. Chapter 9: Monte Carlo and Microdosimetry in particle radiotherapy. Chapter 10: Monte Carlo to link RBE with radiation quality quantities. Chapter 11: Physical and Biological Impact of Projectile and Target Fragmentation. Chapter 12: Monte Carlo characterisation of nanoparticle radio-enhancement for hadron therapy. Chapter 13: Increasing particle therapy biological effectiveness by nuclear reaction-driven binary strategies. Chapter 14: Monte Carlo simulations for Targeted Alpha Therapy. Chapter 15: Experimental and modelling challenges in FLASH radiotherapy with Monte Carlo Methods. Chapter 16: Towards Multiple Ion Applications in Particle Therapy. Chapter 17: Monte Carlo for chemistry in radiation biology. Chapter 18: Recent developments in the TRAX particle track structure code. Chapter 19: Machine Learning for Monte Carlo Simulations. Chapter 20: Speed-up MC in charged particle applications. Chapter 21: Monte Carlo and Analytical codes for Dose planning and recalculation: limits and differential advantages.