Atoms in Motion
Introduction
Matter is made of atoms
Atomic processes
Chemical reactions

Basic Physics
Introduction
Physics before 1920
Quantum physics
Nuclei and particles

The Relation of Physics to Other Sciences
Introduction
Chemistry
Biology
Astronomy
Geology
Psychology
How did it get that way?

Conservation of Energy
What is energy?
Gravitational potential energy
Kinetic energy
Other forms of energy

Time and Distance
Motion
Time
Short times
Long times
Units and standards of time
Large distances
Short distances

Probability
Chance and likelihood
Fluctuations
The random walk
A probability distribution
The uncertainty principle

The Theory of Gravitation
Planetary motions
Kepler's laws
Development of dynamics
Newton's law of gravitation
Universal gravitation
Cavendish's experiment
What is gravity?
Gravity and relativity

Motion
Description of motion
Speed
Speed as a derivative
Distance as an integral
Acceleration

Newton's Laws of Dynamics
Momentum and force
Speed and velocity
Components of velocity, acceleration, and force
What is the force?
Meaning of the dynamical equations
Numerical solution of the equations
Planetary motions

Conservation of Momentum
Newton's Third Law
Conservation of momentum
Momentum is conserved!
Momentum and energy
Relativistic momentum

Vectors
Symmetry in physics
Translations
Rotations
Vectors
Vector algebra
Newton's laws in vector notation
Scalar product of vectors

Characteristics of Force
What is a force?
Friction
Molecular forces
Fundamental forces. Fields
Pseudo forces
Nuclear forces

Work and Potential Energy (A)
Energy of a falling body
Work done by gravity
Summation of energy
Gravitational field of large objects

Work and Potential Energy (conclusion)
Work
Constrained motion
Conservative forces
Nonconservative forces
Potentials and fields

The Special Theory of Relativity
The principle of relativity
The Lorentz transformation
The Michelson-Morley experiment
Transformation of time
The Lorentz contraction
Simultaneity
Four-vectors
Relativistic dynamics
Equivalence of mass and energy

Relativistic Energy and Momentum
Relativity and the philosophers
The twin paradox
Transformation of velocities
Relativistic mass
Relativistic energy

Space-Time
The geometry of space-time
Space-time intervals
Past, present, and future
More about four-vectors
Four-vector algebra

Rotation in Two Dimensions
The center of mass
Rotation of a rigid body
Angular momentum
Conservation of angular momentum

Center of Mass; Moment of Inertia
Properties of the center of mass
Locating the center of mass
Finding the moment of inertia
Rotational kinetic energy

Rotation in Space
Torques in three dimensions
The rotation equations using cross products
The gyroscope
Angular momentum of a solid body

The Harmonic Oscillator
Linear differential equations
The harmonic oscillator
Harmonic motion and circular motion
Initial conditions
Forced oscillations

Algebra
Addition and multiplication
The inverse operations
Abstraction and generalization
Approximating irrational numbers
Complex numbers
Imaginary exponents

Resonance
Complex numbers and harmonic motion
The forced oscillator with damping
Electrical resonance
Resonance in nature

Transients
The energy of an oscillator
Damped oscillations
Electrical transients

Linear Systems and Review
Linear differential equations
Superposition of solutions
Oscillations in linear systems
Analogs in physics
Series and parallel impedances

Optics: The Principle of Least Time
Light
Reflection and refraction
Fermat's principle of least time
Applications of Fermat's principle
A more precise statement of Fermat's principle
How it works

Geometrical Optics
Introduction
The focal length of a spherical surface
The focal length of a lens
Magnification
Compound lenses
Aberrations
Resolving power

Electromagnetic Radiation
Electromagnetism
Radiation
The dipole radiator
Interference

Interference
Electromagnetic waves
Energy of radiation
Sinusoidal waves
Two dipole radiators
The mathematics of interference
i
Diffraction
The resultant amplitude due to n equal oscillators
The diffraction grating
Resolving power of a grating
The parabolic antenna
Colored films; crystals
Diffraction by opaque screens
The field of a plane of oscillating charges

The Origin of the Refractive Index
The index of refraction
The field due to the material
Dispersion
Absorption
The energy carried by an electric wave
Diffraction of light by a screen

Radiation Damping. Light Scattering
Radiation resistance
The rate of radiation of energy
Radiation damping
Independent sources
Scattering of light

Polarization
The electric vector of light
Polarization of scattered light
Birefringence
Polarizers
Optical activity
The intensity of reflected light
Anomalous refraction

Relativistic Effects in Radiation
Moving sources
Finding the ``apparent'' motion
Synchrotron radiation
Cosmic synchrotron radiation
Bremsstrahlung
The Doppler effect
The w, k four-vector
Aberration
The momentum of light

Color Vision
The human eye
Color depends on intensity
Measuring the color sensation
The chromaticity diagram
The mechanism of color vision
Physiochemistry of color vision

Mechanisms of Seeing
The sensation of color
The physiology of the eye
The rod cells
The compound (insect) eye
Other eyes
Neurology of vision

Quantum Behavior
Atomic mechanics
An experiment with bullets
An experiment with waves
An experiment with electrons
The interference of electron waves
Watching the electrons
First principles of quantum mechanics
The uncertainty principle

The Relation of Wave and Particle Viewpoints
Probability wave amplitudes
Measurement of position and momentum
Crystal diffraction
The size of an atom
Energy levels
Philosophical implications

The Kinetic Theory of Gases
Properties of matter
The pressure of a gas
Compressibility of radiation
Temperature and kinetic energy
The ideal gas law

The Principles of Statistical Mechanics
The exponential atmosphere
The Boltzmann law
Evaporation of a liquid
The distribution of molecular speeds
The specific heats of gases
The failure of classical physics

The Brownian Movement
Equipartition of energy
Thermal equilibrium of radiation
Equipartition and the quantum oscillator
The random walk

Applications of Kinetic Theory
Evaporation
Thermionic emission
Thermal ionization
Chemical kinetics
Einstein's laws of radiation

Diffusion
Collisions between molecules
The mean free path
The drift speed
Ionic conductivity
Molecular diffusion
Thermal conductivity

The Laws of Thermodynamics
Heat engines; the first law
The second law
Reversible engines
The efficiency of an ideal engine
The thermodynamic temperature
Entropy

Illustrations of Thermodynamics
Internal energy
Applications
The Clausius-Clapeyron equation

Ratchet and Pawl
How a ratchet works
The ratchet as an engine
Reversibility in mechanics
Irreversibility
Order and entropy

Sound. The Wave Equation
Waves
The propagation of sound
The wave equation
Solutions of the wave equation
The speed of sound

Beats
Adding two waves
Beat notes and modulation
Side bands
Localized wave trains
Probability amplitudes for particles
Waves in three dimensions
Normal modes

Modes
The reflection of waves
Confined waves, with natural frequencies
Modes in two dimensions
Coupled pendulums
Linear systems

Harmonics
Musical tones
The Fourier series
Quality and consonance
The Fourier coefficients
The energy theorem
Nonlinear responses

Waves
Bow waves
Shock waves
Waves in solids
Surface waves

Symmetry in Physical Laws
Symmetry operations
Symmetry in space and time
Symmetry and conservation laws
Mirror reflections
Polar and axial vectors
Which hand is right?
Parity is not conserved!
Antimatter
Broken symmetries

Index