Electromagnetism
Electrical forces
Electric and magnetic fields
Characteristics of vector fields
The laws of electromagnetism
What are the fields?
Electromagnetism in science and technology
Differential Calculus of Vector Fields
Understanding physics
Scalar and vector fields---T and h
Derivatives of fields---the gradient
The operator
Operations with
The differential equation of heat flow
Second derivatives of vector fields
Pitfalls
Vector Integral Calculus
Vector integrals; the line integral of ψ
The flux of a vector field
The flux from a cube; Gauss' theorem
Heat conduction; the diffusion equation
The circulation of a vector field
The circulation around a square; Stokes' theorem
Curl-free and divergence-free fields
Summary
Electrostatics
Statics
Coulomb's law; superposition
Electric potential
E = φ
The flux of E
Gauss' law; divergence of E
Field of a sphere of charge
Field lines; equipotential surfaces
Application of Gauss' Law
Electrostatics is Gauss's law plus
Equilibrium in an electrostatic field
Equilibrium with conductors
Stability of atoms
The field of a line charge
A sheet of charge; two sheets
A sphere of charge; a spherical shell
Is the field of a point charge exactly 1/r2?
The fields of a conductor
The field in a cavity of a conductor
The Electric Field in Various Circumstances
Equations of the electrostatic potential
The electric dipole
Remarks on vector equations
The dipole potential as a gradient
The dipole approximation for an arbitrary distribution
The fields of charged conductors
The method of images
A point charge near a conducting plane
A point charge near a conducting sphere
Condensers; parallel plates
High-voltage breakdown
The field-emission microscope
The Electric Field in Various Circumstances (Continued)
Methods for finding the electrostatic field
Two-dimensional fields; functions of the complex variable
Plasma oscillations
Colloidal particles in an electrolyte
The electrostatic field of a grid
Electrostatic Energy
The electrostatic energy of charges. A uniform sphere
The energy of a condenser. Forces on charged conductors
The electrostatic energy of an ionic crystal
Electrostatic energy in nuclei
Energy in the electrostatic field
The energy of a point charge
Electricity in the Atmosphere
The electric potential gradient of the atmosphere
Electric currents in the atmosphere
Origin of the atmospheric currents
Thunderstorms
The mechanism of charge separation
Lightning
Dielectrics
The dielectric constant
The polarization vector P
Polarization charges
The electrostatic equations with dielectrics
Fields and forces with dielectrics
Inside Dielectrics
Molecular dipoles
Electronic polarization
Polar molecules; orientation polarization
Electric fields in cavities of a dielectric
The dielectric constant of liquids; the Clausius-Mossotti equation
Solid dielectrics
Ferroelectricity; BaTiO3
Electrostatic Analogs
The same equations have the same solutions
The flow of heat; a point source near an infinite plane boundary
The stretched membrane
The diffusion of neutrons; a uniform spherical source in a homogeneous medium
Irrotational fluid flow; the flow past a sphere
Illumination; the uniform lighting of a plane
The ``underlying unity'' of nature
Magnetostatics
The magnetic field
Electric current; the conservation of charge
The magnetic force on a current
The magnetic field of steady currents; Ampere's law
The magnetic field of a straight wire and of a solenoid; atomic currents
The relativity of magnetic and electric fields
The transformation of currents and charges
Superposition; the right-hand rule
The Magnetic field in Various Situations
The vector potential
The vector potential of known currents
A straight wire
A long solenoid
The field of a small loop; the magnetic dipole
The vector potential of a circuit
The law of Biot and Savart
The Vector Potential
The forces on a current loop; energy of a dipole
Mechanical and electrical energies
The energy of steady currents
B versus A
The vector potential and quantum mechanics
What is true for statics is false for dynamics
Induced Currents
Motors and generators
Transformers and inductances
Forces on induced currents
Electrical technology
The Laws of Induction
The physics of induction
Exceptions to the ``flux rule''
Particle acceleration by an induced electric field; the betatron
A paradox
Alternating-current generator
Mutual inductance
Self-inductance
Inductance and magnetic energy
The Maxwell Equations
Maxwell's equations
How the new term works
All of classical physics
A travelling field
The speed of light
Solving Maxwell's equations; the potentials and the wave equation
The Principle of Least Action
A special lecture---almost verbatim
A note added after the lecture
Solutions of Maxwell's Equations in Free Space
Waves in free space; plane waves
Three-dimensional waves
Scientific imagination
Spherical waves
Solutions of Maxwell's Equations with Currents and Charges
Light and electromagnetic waves
Spherical waves from a point source
The general solution of Maxwell's equations
The fields of an oscillating dipole
The potentials of a moving charge; the general solution of Lienard and Wiechert
The potentials for a charge moving with constant velocity; the Lorentz formula
AC Circuits
Impedances
Generators
Networks of ideal elements; Kirchhoff's rules
Equivalent circuits
Energy
A ladder network
Filters
Other circuit elements
Cavity Resonators
Real circuit elements
A capacitor at high frequencies
A resonant cavity
Cavity modes
Cavities and resonant circuits
Waveguides
The transmission line
The rectangular waveguide
The cutoff frequency
The speed of the guided waves
Observing guided waves
Waveguide plumbing
Waveguide modes
Another way of looking at the guided waves
Electrodynamics in Relativistic Notation
Four-vectors
The scalar product
The four-dimensional gradient
Electrodynamics in four-dimensional notation
The four-potential of a moving charge
The invariance of the equations of electrodynamics
Lorentz Transformations of the Fields
The four-potential of a moving charge
The fields of a point charge with a constant velocity
Relativistic transformation of the fields
The equations of motion in relativistic notation
Field Energy and Field Momentum
Local conservation
Energy conservation and electromagnetism
Energy density and energy flow in the electromagnetic field
The ambiguity of the field energy
Examples of energy flow
Field momentum
Electromagnetic Mass
The field energy of a point charge
The field momentum of a moving charge
Electromagnetic mass
The force of an electron on itself
Attempts to modify the Maxwell theory
The nuclear force field
The Motion of Charges in Electric and Magnetic Fields
Motion in a uniform electric or magnetic field
Momentum analysis
An electrostatic lens
A magnetic lens
The electron microscope
Accelerator guide fields
Alternating-gradient focusing
Motion in crossed electric and magnetic fields
The Internal Geometry of Crystals
The internal geometry of crystals
Chemical bonds in crystals
The growth of crystals
Crystal lattices
Symmetries in two dimensions
Symmetries in three dimensions
The strength of metals
Dislocations and crystal growth
The Bragg-Nye crystal model
Tensors
The tensor of polarizability
Transforming the tensor components
The energy ellipsoid
Other tensors; the tensor of inertia
The cross product
The tensor of stress
Tensors of higher rank
The four-tensor of electromagnetic momentum
Refractive Index of Dense Materials
Polarization of matter
Maxwell's equations in a dielectric
Waves in a dielectric
The complex index of refraction
The index of a mixture
Waves in metals
Low-frequency and high-frequency approximations; the skin depth and the plasma frequency
Reflection from Surfaces
Reflection and refraction of light
Waves in dense materials
The boundary conditions
The reflected and transmitted waves
Reflection from metals
Total internal reflection
The Magnetism of Matter
Diamagnetism and paramagnetism
Magnetic moments and angular momentum
The precession of atomic magnets
Diamagnetism
Larmor's theorem
Classical physics gives neither diamagnetism nor paramagnetism
Angular momentum in quantum mechanics
The magnetic energy of atoms
Paramagnetism and Magnetic Resonance
Quantized magnetic states
The Stern-Gerlach experiment
The Rabi molecular-beam method
The paramagnetism of bulk materials
Cooling by adiabatic demagnetization
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Ferromagnetism
Magnetization currents
The field H
The magnetization curve
Iron-core inductances
Electromagnets
Spontaneous magnetization
Magnetic Materials
Understanding ferromagnetism
Thermodynamic properties
The hysteresis curve
Ferromagnetic materials
Extraordinary magnetic materials
Elasticity
Hooke's law
Uniform strains
The torsion bar; shear waves
The bent beam
Buckling
Elastic Materials
The tensor of strain
The tensor of elasticity
The motions in an elastic body
Nonelastic behavior
Calculating the elastic constants
The Flow of Dry Water
Hydrostatics
The equations of motion
Steady flow---Bernoulli's theorem
Circulation
Vortex lines
The Flow of Wet Water
Viscosity
Viscous flow
The Reynolds number
Flow past a circular cylinder
The limit of zero viscosity
Couette flow
Curved Space
Curved spaces with two dimensions
Curvature in three-dimensional space
Our space is curved
Geometry in space-time
Gravity and the principle of equivalence
The speed of clocks in a gravitational field
The curvature of space-time
Motion in curved space-time
Einstein's theory of gravitation
Index