Preface
Acknowledgments
How to Use This Book
The Basics
Organization of the Book
Introduction to the Five-Step Program
Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Biology Exam
Calendar for Each Plan
Introduction to the Graphics Used in This Book
What You Need to Know About the AP Biology Exam
Background of the Advanced Placement Program
Who Writes the AP Biology Exam
The AP Grades and Who Receives Them
Reasons for Taking the AP Biology Exam
Questions Frequently Asked about the AP Biology Exam
Tips for Taking the AP Biology Exam
Getting Started: The Diagnostic Exam
Comprehensive Review
Chemistry
Introduction
Elements, Compounds, Atoms, and Ions
Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Proteins
Enzymes
pH: Acids and Bases
Reactions
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
RapidReview
Cells
Introduction
Types of Cells
Organelles
Cell Membranes: Fluid Mosaic Model
Types of Cell Transport
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Rapid Review
Respiration
Introduction
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Rapid Review
Photosynthesis
Introduction
The Players in Photosynthesis
Reactions of Photosynthesis
Types of Photosynthesis
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Rapid Review
Cell Division
Introduction
Cell Division in Prokaryotes
The Cell Cycle
Mitosis
Control of Cell Division
Haploid versus Diploid Organisms
Meiosis
Life Cycles
Sources of Cell Variation
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Rapid Review
Heredity
Introduction
Terms Important in Studying Heredity
Mendel and His Peas
Intermediate Inheritance
Other Forms of Inheritance
Sex Determination and Sex Linkage
Linkage and Gene Mapping
Heads or Tails?
Pedigrees
Common Disorders
Chromosomal Complications
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Rapid Review
Molecular Genetics
Introduction
DNA Structure and Function
RNA Structure and Function
Replication of DNA
Transcription of DNA
RNA Processing
Translation of RNA
Gene Expression
The Genetics of Viruses
The Genetics of Bacteria
Genetic Engineering
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Rapid Review
Evolution
Introduction
Definition of Evolution
Natural Selection
Lamarck and Darwin
Adaptations
Types of Selection
Evolution Patterns
Sources of Variation
Speciation
When Evolution Is not Occurring: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
The Evidence for Evolution
Macroevolution
How Life Probably Emerged
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Rapid Review
Taxonomy and Classification
Introduction
Five or Six Kingdoms?
Kingdom Monera
Endosymbiotic Theory
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Rapid Review
Plants
Introduction
Anatomy of Plants
Roots
The Shoot System
Plant Hormones
Plant Tropisms
Photoperiodism
Go with the Flow: Osmosis, Capillary Action, Cohesion-Tension Theory, and Transpiration
The Changing of the Guard: Regulating Stomata Activity
"Move over, Sugar": Carbohydrate Transport through Phloem
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Rapid Review
Human Physiology
Introduction
Circulatory System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Control of the Internal Environment
Nervous System
Muscular System
Endocrine System
Immune System
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Rapid Review
Human Reproduction
Introduction
Sex Differences
Anatomy
Embryonic Development
The Influence of Hormones
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Rapid Review
Behavioral Ecology and Ethology
Introduction
Types of Animal Learning
Animal Movement
Animal Communication
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Rapid Review
Ecology in Further Detail
Introduction
Population Ecology and Growth
Life History Strategies
Community and Succession
Trophic Levels
Biomes
Biogeochemical Cycles
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Rapid Review
Laboratory Review
Introduction
Diffusion and Osmosis
Enzyme Catalysis
Mitosis and Meiosis
Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis
Cell Respiration
Molecular Biology
Genetics of Organisms
Population Genetics and Evolution
Transpiration
Physiology of the Circulatory System
Animal Behavior
Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity
Review Questions
Answers and Explanations
Rapid Review
Free-Response Review
Introduction
The Basics
Some Helpful Tips
Practice Free-Response Test #1
Practice Free-Response Test #2
Practice Free-Response Test #3
Practice Free-Response Test #4
Practice Makes Perfect!
AP Biology Practice Exam 1
AP Biology Practice Exam 2
Appendix
Bibliography
Websites
Glossary