Introduction

Section 1: Historical Stories about the Development and Effects of Alphabetic Literacy

1. Denise Schmandt-Besserat and Michael Erard, Origins and Forms of Writing (2007)



2. Richard Leo Enos, The Emergence of a Literate Rhetoric in Greece (2006)



3. Jack Goody and Ian Watt, The Consequences of Literacy (1963)



4. Walter J. Ong, Writing is a Technology that Restructures Thought (1986/2001)



5. Beth Daniell, Narratives of Literacy (1999)



6. Lee Honeycutt, Literacy and the Writing Voice: The Intersection of Culture and Technology in Dictation (2004)


Section 2: Analyses of How Speech and Writing Relate to Each Other


7. Douglas Biber and Camilla Vasquez, Writing and Speaking (2007)



8. M. A. K. Halliday, Spoken and Written Modes of Meaning (1987)



9. Peter Elbow, The Shifting Relationships Between Speech and Writing (1985



10. Wallace Chafe, Punctuation and the Prosody of Written Language (1988)



11. Deborah Tannen, Relative Focus on Involvement in Oral and Written Discourse (1985)



12. Geneva Smitherman, "The Blacker the Berry, the Sweeter the Juice": African American Student Writers and the NAEP (1994)

Section 3: Explorations of Some Features of Speech with a Special Relevance to Writing

13. Jim Milroy, Historical Description and the Ideology of the Standard Language (2000)

14. Peter Elbow, Intonation: A Virtue for Writing at the Root of Everyday Speech (2012)

Appendix: Writers Trying to Create the Illusion of Speech: A Selection of Brief Passages

Introduction

Robert Burns, from "To A Mouse. On Turning Her Up in Her Nest with the Plough" (1785)

Mark Twain, from Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885)

Robert Frost, from "The Death of the Hired Man" (1917)

Zora Neale Hurston, from Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937)

Jozuf Hadley (bradajo), "chaloookyu eensai" (1972/2002)

Juliet Kono, from "A Scolding from My Father" (1995)

David Mamet, a link to a passage from Glengarry Glen Ross (1984)

Louise Bennett, from "Aunt Roachy She" (1993)

James Kelman, from How Late It Was, How Late (1998)

Alan Bennett, from Talking Heads (2008)

Laura Wright, from "Medieval Business English" (2001)

Index