CHAPTER 01. Phonetics 7
1.1 Introduction 8
1.2 Phonetic Transcription 10
1.3 Description and Articulation of Sounds of English 11

CHAPTER 02. Describing English Consonants: Consonants Revisited 29
2.1 The anatomy of a consonant 30
2.2 Consonant classification 31

CHAPTER 03.Defining distributions: consonant allophones 39
3.1 Phonemes 40
3.2 Minimal pairs and beyond 45

CHAPTER 04.Describing vowels: Vowels Revisited 51
4.1 Vowels versus consonants 52
4.2 The anatomy of a vowel 53
4.3 Vowel Classifications 57
4.4 Vowel Descriptions 60
4.5 Monophthongs and diphthongs 62
4.6 Vowel Space and Cardinal Vowels 64

CHAPTER 05.Vowel phonemes 69
5.1 Establishing vowel contrasts 70
5.2 Vowel features 72

CHAPTER 06.Phonology above the segment 75
6.1 The syllable 76
6.2 Phonotactic constraints 78
6.3 The Sonority Sequencing Generalisation 83
6.4 Justifying the constituents 85
6.5 Syllable Weight 87

CHAPTER 07. The word and above 95
7.1 Phonological units above the syllable 96
7.2 Stress 96
7.3 The foot 102
7.4 TONE UNIT 106
7.5 The intonation or melody 107
7.6 Intonation and perception 109

CHAPTER 08.Distinctive Features 117
8.1 The needs for distinctive features 118
8.2 The Distinctive Features of Chomsky and Halle 120

CHAPTER 09.Phonological Rules 133
9.1 Formal Rules and Rule Writing 135
9.2 Richer Phonological Representation 139
9.3 Some Consequences of Phonotactics 143

CHAPTER 10.Phonological Alternations, Processes and Rules 149
10.1 Assimilation 150
10.2 Dissimilation 157
10.3 Deletion (Elision) 158
10.4 Liaison 159
10.5 Insertion: Epenthesis 160
10.6 Neutralization *****기출 161