Introduction

Part1: Short-term or "Primary Memory"



Primary Memory (Craik 1971)



The Fate of Primary Memory Items in Free Recall (Craik 1970)



The Role of Rehearsal in Short-Term Memory (Craik & Watkins 1973)




Part2: Levels of Processing



Levels of Processing: A Framework for Memory Research (Craik & Lockhart 1972)



Depth of Processing and the Retention of Words in Episodic Memory (Craik & Tulving 1975)



Levels of Processing: Past, Present…and Future? (Craik 2002)




Part3: Studies of Cognitive Aging



Aging and Cognitive Deficits: The Role of Attentional Resources (Craik & Byrd 1982)



A Functional Account of Age Differences in Memory (Craik 1986)



Cognition through the Lifespan: Mechanisms of Change (Craik & Bialystok 2006)




Part4: Attention and Memory



The Effects of Divided Attention on Encoding and Retrieval Processes in Human Memory (Craik et al 1996)



Contributions of Surface and Conceptual Information to Performance on Implicit and Explicit Memory Tasks (Craik, Moscovitch, & McDowd 1994)




Part5: Cognitive Neuroscience



Neuroanatomical Correlates of Encoding in Episodic Memory: Levels of Processing Effect (Kapur et al 1994)



In Search of the Self: A Positron Emission Tomography Study (Craik et al 1999)




Part6: Bilingual Studies



Cognitive Control and Lexical Access in Younger and Older Bilinguals (Bialystok, Craik, & Luk 2008)



Delaying the Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease: Bilingualism as a Form of Cognitive Reserve (Craik, Bialystok, & Freedman 2010)