John Hartley: Before Ongism: "To become what we want to be, we have to decide what we were" Orality & Literacy: The Technologization Of The Word Introduction
Part1: The orality of language
1. The literate mind and the oral past
2. Did you say ‘oral literature’?
Part2: The modern discovery of primary oral cultures
1. Early awareness of oral tradition
2. The Homeric question
3. Milman Parry’s discovery
4. Consequent and related work
Part3: Some psychodynamics of orality
1. Sounded word as power and action
2. You know what you can recall: mnemonics and formulas
3. Further characteristics of orally based thought and expression
4. Additive rather than subordinative
5. Aggregative rather than analytic
6. Redundant or ‘copious’
7. Conservative or traditionalist
8. Close to the human lifeworld
9. Agonistically toned
10. Empathetic and participatory rather than objectively distanced
11. Homeostatic
12. Situational rather than abstract
13. Oral memorization
14. Verbomotor lifestyle
15. The noetic role of heroic ‘heavy’ ?gures and of the bizarre
16. The interiority of sound
17. Orality, community and the sacral
18. Words are not signs
Part4: Writing restructures consciousness
1. The new world of autonomous discourse
2. Plato, writing and computers
3. Writing is a technology
4. What is ‘writing’ or ‘script’?
5. Many scripts but only one alphabet
6. The onset of literacy
7. From memory to written records
8. Some dynamics of textuality
9. Distance, precision, grapholects and magnavocabularies
10. Interactions: rhetoric and the places
11. Interactions: learned languages
12. Tenaciousness of orality
Part5: Print, space and closure
1. Hearing-dominance yields to sight-dominance
2. Space and meaning
3. Indexes
4. Books, contents and labels
5. Meaningful surface
6. Typographic space
7. More diffuse effects
8. Print and closure: intertextuality
9. Post-typography: electronics Part6: Oral memory, the story line and characterization
1. The primacy of the story line
2. Narrative and oral cultures
3. Oral memory and the story line
4. Closure of plot: travelogue to detective story
5. The ‘round’ character, writing and print
Part7: Some theorems
1. Literary history
2. New Criticism and Formalism
3. Structuralism
4. Textualists and deconstructionists
5. Speech-act and reader-response theory
6. Social sciences, philosophy, biblical studies
7. Orality, writing and being human
8. ‘Media’ versus human communication
9. The inward turn: consciousness and the text John Hartley: After Ongism: The Evolution of Networked Intelligence