Part I: An Overview

1. Introduction



2. Exceeding Planetary Natural Thresholds



3. Scarcity of Raw Materials and Price Volatility



4. Rising Middle-Class Population



5. Structural Inefficiencies of the Current Economic Model



6. Conclusions

1. Introduction



2. Biosphere and Technosphere Products



3. Technological, Regulatory and Social Factors



4. Conclusions

1. Introduction



2. EMS Versus CE



3. CE Guiding Principles



4. CE Business Objectives



5. CE Areas of Intervention



6. Conclusions

1. Introduction



2. Digital Technologies



3. Design & Engineering Technologies



4. Conclusions

1. Introduction



2. Net-Zero Innovation



3. Servitization



4. Product Life Extension



5. Product Residual Value Recovery



6. Conclusions

1. Introduction



2. Organizational Culture



3. The CE Strategic Process



4. Current Strategy Identification



5. Idea Trees



1. Supporting Methods for Idea Tree Analysis: Circular Brainstorming



6. Conclusions

1. Introduction



2. The Value Chain



1. Supporting Methods for Undertaking Value Chain Analysis: Interviewing Key Personnel



3. The VRIE Framework



4. Five Forces



1. Supporting Methods for Undertaking CE Industry Analysis: Interviewing Key Personnel



5. PEST



1. Supporting Methods for Undertaking PEST Analysis: Interviewing Key Personnel



6. Conclusions

1. Introduction



2. PEST vs 5 Forces Matrix



3. SWOT Analysis



1. SWOT Adaptation #1: The Dynamic CE-SWOT



2. SWOT Adaptation #2: The CE-TOWS Matrix



4. Conclusions

1. Introduction



2. Strategic Quadrant



1. Supporting Methods for Market Positioning: Interviewing Key Personnel



3. Approaches to Internationalization



1. Supporting Methods for Internationalization Decision-Making: International Strategic Alternatives Checklist



4. Conclusions

1. Introduction



2. Gap Analysis



1. Supporting Methods for CE Gap Analysis: Environmental Impacts Table



2. Supporting Methods for CE Gap Analysis: Circular Readiness Assessment



3. Formulating a CE Strategy



1. Supporting Methods for CE Strategy Formulation: Decision Priority Matrix



2. Supporting Methods for CE Strategy Formulation: The 4-Step Process for Piloting CE Ideas



4. CE Strategic Planning



1. Supporting Methods for Strategic Planning: Process Alternatives Checklist



5. Conclusions

1. Introduction



2. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)



3. Lifecycle Costing (LCC)



4. Material Input Per Unit of Service (MIPS)



5. Conclusions

1. Introduction



2. Material Flow Analysis (MFA)



3. Value Chain Analysis (VCA)



4. Environmental Input-Output Analysis (EIOA)



5. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)



6. Ecological Footprint (EF)



7. Environmentally-weighted Material Consumption (EMC)



8. Land and Ecosystem Accounts (LEAC)



9. Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production (HANPP)



10. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)



11. Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)



12. Conclusions