About the Authors vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xiii
1. Work and Gender 1
What Work Is 1
Sex and Gender 3
Gendered Work 6
Summary 15
2. Gendered Work in Time and Place 17
The Sexual Division of Labor in Preindustrial Europe 17
The Industrial Revolution 20
The Sexual Division of Paid and Unpaid Work 21
The Sexual Division of Labor Around the World 29
Summary 35
3. An Overview of Sex Inequality at Work 37
Sex Inequality in the Contemporary American Workplace 37
Explanations for Sex Inequality in the Workplace 39
Summary 55
4. Sex Segregation in the Workplace 57
Consequences of Sex Segregation 58
A History of Sex Segregation in the United States 60
Cross-National Differences in Sex Segregation 70
Trends in Sex Segregation 71
Explanations and Remedies for Sex Segregation 74
Summary 94
5. Moving Up and Taking Charge 97
Women, Men, and Promotions 97
Women, Men, and Authority 100
Explanations and Remedies for the Promotion and Authority Gaps 107
Summary 119
6. Sex Differences in Earnings 121
The Cost of Being Female 121
Explaining the Pay Gap 129
Employers' Discriminatory Actions 136
Summary 146
7. Paid Work and Family Work 149
The Decline of the Stay-at-Home Wife and Mother 149
Work-Family Conflict 151
The Sexual Division of Labor and Work-Family Conflict 159
Responses to Work-Family Conflicts 162
Summary 172
References 177
Glossary/Index 201