How to Use This Book xi
Barron's Essential 5 xii
Introduction
Introduction 1
The AP Exam in World History: Modern: An Overview 3
Historical Thinking Skills 5
Multiple-Choice Question Strategies 6
Short-Answer Question Strategies 15
Free-Response (Essay) Questions: General Tips 19
Document-Based Question (DBQ) Strategies 22
Long Essay Question (LEQ) Strategies 34
Section 0 Foundations
Section Zero: Foundations 45
General Remarks 45
Governance (and Geographic Orientation) 45
Cultural Developments and Interactions 47
Technology and Innovation 54
Economic Systems 55
Social Interactions and Organization 56
Humans and the Environment 57
Section 1 1200-1450 (AP Units 1-2)
Section 1: Short Cut 63
General Remarks 63
Questions and Comparisons to Consider 74
Section 1: Scenic Route (Chapters 1-6) 77
1. Governance, 1200-1450 79
State Building in Afro-Eurasia: Tradition and Innovation 79
State Formation in the Pre-Columbian Americas 92
Fact-Check Review Quiz 96
2. Cultural Developments and Interactions, 1200-1450 101
Cross-Cultural Exchange and Cultural Growth 101
Far from Home: Interregional Travelers 102
Old and New Traditions: Cultural Developments by Region 103
Fact-Check Review Quiz 111
3. Technology and Innovation, 1200-1450 115
Science, Medicine, and Mathematics 115
Key Technologies 116
Innovations in Transport 117
Fact-Check Review Quiz 118
4. Economic Systems, 1200-1450 123
Trade Networks 123
Making Trade Easier: Technology, Banking, and Infrastructure 127
Fact-Check Review Quiz 128
5. Social Interactions and Organization, 1200-1450 133
Cities 133
Social Structures and Labor Management 134
Gender Roles 137
Fact-Check Review Quiz 139
6. Humans and the Environment, 1200-1450 143
Migrations 143
The Impact of Manufacturing, Resource Extraction, and Agriculture 144
Environmental Forces: Disease and Climate 145
Fact-Check Review Quiz 146
Section 2 1450-1750 (AP Units 3-4)
Section 2: Short Cut 153
General Remarks 153
Questions and Comparisons to Consider 163
Section 2: Scenic Route (Chapters 7-12) 165
7. Governance, 1450-1750 167
Statecraft: Old and New Techniques of Governance 168
Empire Building: The Age of Exploration and Colonization 169
Major States and Empires 175
Fact-Check Review Quiz 184
8. Cultural Developmnets and Interactions, 1450-1750 189
Print Culture and the Impact of Ideas 189
Religious Developments 190
Trends in Art, Literature, and Architecture 193
Fact-Check Review Quiz 199
9. Technology and Innovation, 1450-1750 203
Marine/Navigational Technology: Continued Innovation 203
Gunpowder and the Military Revolution Thesis 204
Europe's Scientific Revolution 205
Fact-Check Review Quiz 207
10. Economic Systems, 1450-1750 213
The Early Globalization of Economics 213
From Mercantilism to Capitalism and Protoindustrialization 216
Fact-Check Review Quiz 217
11. Social Interactions and Organization, 1450-1750 221
Social Classes In Flux 221
Slavery and Coerced Labor 224
Gender and Ethnicity 225
Fact-Check Review Quiz 228
12. Humans and the Environment, 1450-1750 233
The Columbian Exchange: Plants and Animals 233
The Columbian Exchange: Diseases and Populations 234
Monoculture and Resource Extraction: Ecological Effects 234
The Little Ice Age 235
Fact-Check Review Quiz 236
Section 3 1750-1900 (AP Units 5-6)
Section 3: Short Cut 243
General Remarks 243
Questions and Comparisons to Consider 253
Section 3: Scenic Route (Chapters 13-18) 255
13. Governance, 1750-1900 257
The Atlantic Revolutions and the Birth of Modern Politics 258
Western Imperialism and Global Conflict 263
Political Developments by Region 265
Fact-Check Review Quiz 282
14. Cultural Developments and Interactions, 1750-1900 287
Art and Culture in the Modern Era 287
Political Thought: New Philosophies and Ideologies 291
Fact-Check Review Quiz 295
15. Technology and Innovation, 1750-1900 299
Technology in the Industrial Era 299
Scientific Advancements 300
Secularism and Religion in a Scientific Age 301
Fact-Check Review Quiz 302
16. Economic Systems, 1750-1900 307
Industrial Revolutions in the West 308
Capitalism and Commerce 310
Industralization and Capitalism in Global Perspective 312
Fact-Check Review Quiz 314
17. Social Interactions and Organization, 1750-1900 319
The Transformation of Social Classes 319
Labor and Migration 321
Gender and Family Issues 325
Fact-Check Review Quiz 327
18. Humans and the Environment, 1750-1900 331
Industrialization and the Environment 331
Disease in the Modern Era 333
Fact-Check Review Quiz 333
Section 4 1900 to the Present (AP Units 7-9)
Section 4: Short Cut 339
General Remarks 339
Questions and Comparisons to Consider 353
Section 4: Scenic Route (Chapters 19-25) 355
19. Governance, 1900-1945 357
World War I and the Paris Peace Conference 357
Domestic Politics, 1900-1939 362
World War II and the Holocaust 370
Fact-Check Review Quiz 376
20. Governance, 1945 to the Present 381
Cold War and Decolonization: Foreign Policy Shifts, 1945-1991 382
Divergent Forms of Domestic Development, 1945-1991 388
Globalism in the 1990s and 2000s 399
Fact-Check Review Quiz 403
21. Cultural Developments and Interactions, 1900 to the Present 407
High Art and Culture 407
Mass Culture and Multiculturalism 409
Religion in the Modern Era 412
Fact-Check Review Quiz 413
22. Technology and Innovation, 1900 to the Present 417
Physics and Energy 417
Aviation and Space 418
Biological and Medical Frontiers 419
Mass Media and Computer Technology 420
Fact-Check Review Quiz 421
23. Economic Systems, 1900 to the Present 425
Divergent Approaches to the Economy 425
Boom and Bust: Toward the Great Depression and Bretton Woods 427
Regionaiization and Globalization after World War II 428
Fact-Check Review Quiz 431
24. Social Interactions and Organization, 1900 to the Present 435
Labor and Lifestyles 436
Ethnicity and Race Relations 437
Gender Issues 439
Fact-Check Review Quiz 441
25. Humans and the Environment, 1900 to the Present 445
Disease, Health, and Population in the Contemporary Era 445
The Modern Environmental Movement 447
Pollution, Earth Shaping, and Global Warming 447
Fact-Check Review Quiz 449
Practice Tests
Practice Test 1 457
Answer Explanations 481
Practice Test 2 495
Answer Explanations 521
Appendix: Map of Selected World Regions 533
Index 535