How to Use This Book ix
Barron's Essential 5 xi
Introduction 1
Welcome to AP Human Geography 1
About the Exam 1
Strategies for Preparing for the AP Human Geography Exam 22
Commonly Asked Questions About the AP Human Geography Exam 27
Additional Resources 29
Diagnostic Test 31
1. Thinking Geographically 59
Geography as a Field of Inquiry 60
Geography Basics 66
Describing Location 68
Space and Spatial Processes 71
Map Fundamentals 75
Applications of Geography 83
Key Terms 84
Chapter Summary 88
End-of-Chapter Practice 89
Additional Resources 100
2. Population and Migration Patterns and Processes 101
Human Population: A Global Perspective 101
Population Parameters and Processes 104
Human Migration 109
Population Structure and Composition 116
Population and Sustainability 119
Key Terms 122
Chapter Summary 124
End-of-Chapter Practice 125
Additional Resources 133
3. Cultural Patterns and Processes 135
Cultural Basics 136
Language 137
Religion 143
Gender 147
Ethnicity 149
Popular Culture 151
Key Terms 153
Chapter Summary 156
End-of-Chapter Practice 157
Additional Resources 163
4. Political Patterns and Processes 165
What Is Political Geography? 166
The Geography of Local and Regional Politics 166
Territory, Borders, and the Geography of Nations 170
International Political Geography 175
Spatial Conflict 178
Key Terms 179
Chapter Summary 182
End-of-Chapter Practice 183
Additional Resources 187
5. Agricultural and Rural Land-Use Patterns and Processes 189
Historical Geography of Agriculture 189
Geography of Modern Agriculture 196
Agriculture and the Environment 200
Key Terms 203
Chapter Summary 205
End-of-Chapter Practice 206
Additional Resources 211
6. Cities and Urban Land-Use Patterns and Processes 213
Historical Geography of Urban Environments 213
Culture and Urban Form 217
The Spatial Organization of Urban Environments 219
Urban Planning 225
Key Terms 228
Chapter Summary 231
End-of-Chapter Practice 232
Additional Resources 238
7. Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes 239
Industrialization 240
Models of Development and Measures of Productivity 244
Global Economic Patterns 248
Location Principles 251
Development, Equality, and Sustainability 254
Globalization 256
Key Terms 257
Chapter Summary 261
End-of-Chapter Practice 262
Additional Resources 268
Practice Test 1 271
Answer Key 287
Answer Explanations 288
Practice Test 2 307
Answer Key 325
Answer Explanations 326
Index 345