Thomas Carlyle was a leading historian, essayist, and social critic of the Victorian era who examined the spiritual crisis brought about by rapid industrialization and emphasized the necessity of moral integrity and heroic leadership, advancing his theory of “hero-worship” which interpreted history as shaped by great individuals, and through major works such as The French Revolution and On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History he sharply criticized materialism and mechanical modernity while urging the restoration of spiritual values, leaving a powerful and prophetic imprint on nineteenth-century intellectual life.